No abstract

A synergetically acting new flocculant on the basis of starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)‐co‐sodium xanthate (CSAX) was synthesized by grafting copolymerization of crosslinked corn starch, acrylamide (AM), and sodium xanthate, using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as cross‐linking agent and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as polymerization initiator in aqueous solution. The effects of some factors, such as crosslinker, initiator, AM, NaOH, on the %Tr (turbidity removal rate), %Trd (turbidity removal rate of a water sample which has both turbidity and heavy metal ions %Hr (heavy metal ion removal rate) and %Hrd (heavy metal ions removal rate of water which has both heavy metal ions and turbidity), are investigated. As proven by FTIR and elemental analysis, the CSAX can be successfully synthesized and can remove both turbidity‐causing substances and heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Under optimum synthesis conditions CSAX exhibits excellent performance, i.e. %Tr = 98%, %Trd = 98.4%, %Hrd = 99% and %Hr = 91.6%, respectively.

A novel crosslinked starch-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate (CSAX) was synthesized by grafting copolymerization reactions of crosslinked corn starch, acrylamide (AM), and sodium xanthate, using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as crosslinking reagent and ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator in aqueous solution. The effects of some factors, such as crosslinker, initiator, AM, NaOH and so forth, on the flocculation were investigated in terms of efficiency of grafting (% GE), grafting percentage (% GP), and viscosity averaged molecular weight (M) of the PAM pendant chains. The results showed that the CSAX was successfully synthesized with the different number and length of grafted PAM pendant chains and with the functions of removing both substance causing turbidity and heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Under optimum synthesis conditions, CSAX exhibited excellent performances: the rate of turbidity removal (% T) reached 98.4% and the rate of Cu 2þ removal (% R) reached 99.2% in water treatment, respectively.