Synergetically Acting new Flocculants on the Basis of Starch‐graft‐Poly(acrylamide)‐co‐Sodium Xanthate

Abstract

A synergetically acting new flocculant on the basis of starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)‐co‐sodium xanthate (CSAX) was synthesized by grafting copolymerization of crosslinked corn starch, acrylamide (AM), and sodium xanthate, using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as cross‐linking agent and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as polymerization initiator in aqueous solution. The effects of some factors, such as crosslinker, initiator, AM, NaOH, on the %Tr (turbidity removal rate), %Trd (turbidity removal rate of a water sample which has both turbidity and heavy metal ions %Hr (heavy metal ion removal rate) and %Hrd (heavy metal ions removal rate of water which has both heavy metal ions and turbidity), are investigated. As proven by FTIR and elemental analysis, the CSAX can be successfully synthesized and can remove both turbidity‐causing substances and heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Under optimum synthesis conditions CSAX exhibits excellent performance, i.e. %Tr = 98%, %Trd = 98.4%, %Hrd = 99% and %Hr = 91.6%, respectively.

A novel photo-grafting of acrylamide onto carboxymethyl starch. 1. Utilization of CMS-g-PAAm in easy care finishing of cotton fabrics

“…Different chemical initiation systems such as potassium persulfate (Lu et al, 2003;Nakason et al, 2010), ammonium persulfate (Li et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006b), ceric ammonium sulfate (Eutamene et al, 2009) and ceric ammonium nitrate (Hao et al, 2007) were used. Physical initiation systems such as γ irradiation (Kaur et al, 1993) and microwave (Singh et al, 2006) were also utilized.…”

Cyclodextrin and methacrylic acid octyl phenols poly(ethylene oxide) ester‐induced synergistic effect in a novel poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer

“…5, 6. So, as far as we are aware, modified PAM especially has received much interest based on introducing functional groups 7–13.…”

Cassava starch‐graft‐polymethacrylamide copolymers as flocculants and textile sizing agents

“…In addition, the absorption bands found at 1640.4 and 1600 cm −1 for the graft copolymers indicated the CO stretching and NH bending of the CONH 2 group, respectively, which are characteristic of the amide group. The presence of these bands in the grafted copolymers confirmed the grafting reaction …”

“…Here, the bridging mode of flocculation was operated because the grafted copolymers were uncharged. Under the optimal conditions of flocculant dose, the grafted PMAM side chains could fully contact and strongly combine with the clay particles in the aqueous suspension through bridging to form flocs . With a further increase in the flocculant dose, the clay particles were occluded and enveloped by the PMAM chain, and bridging became negligible.…”