The application of a versatile, low-temperature thin-film transistor (TFT) technology is presently described as the implementation on a flexible substrate of an analog front-end (AFE) system for the acquisition of bio-potential signals. The technology is based on semiconducting amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO). The AFE system consists of three monolithically integrated constituent components: a bias-filter circuit with a bio-compatible low cut-off frequency of ≈1 Hz, a 4-stage differential amplifier offering a large gain-bandwidth product of ≈955 kHz, and an additional notch filter exhibiting over 30 dB suppression of the power-line noise. Respectively built using conductive IGZO electrodes with thermally induced donor agents and enhancement-mode fluorinated IGZO TFTs with exceptionally low leakage current, both capacitors and resistors with significantly reduced footprints are realized. Defined as the ratio of the gain-bandwidth product of an AFE system to its area, a record-setting figure-of-merit of ≈86 kHz mm −2 is achieved. This is about an order of magnitude larger than the < 10 kHz mm −2 of the nearest benchmark. Requiring no supplementary off-substrate signal-conditioning components and occupying an area of ≈11 mm 2 , the stand-alone AFE system is successfully applied to both electromyography and electrocardiography (ECG).
The effects of bandgap engineering on the performance of elevated-metal metal-oxide thin-film transistors were investigated. The incorporation of gallium in the indium-tin-zinc oxide thinfilm transistor channel was shown to lead to enhanced scalability and reliability. The improvement is attributed to the effective widening of the energy band, and the reduction of the population of defects and background carriers.
A timing model has been developed for an active‐matrix display, accounting for both the signal propagation delay and the pixel charging time. The Lagrange multiplier method is applied to maximize the aperture ratio of a pixel in such a display, while satisfying constraints imposed by the timing model.
A timing model developed for an active-matrix display is described, accounting for both the signal propagation delay and the pixel charging time. The Lagrange multiplier method is applied to maximize the aperture ratio of a pixel in such a display, while satisfying the constraints imposed by technology and the timing model.
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