This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of refractive parameters in premature infants and children aged 3–8 years with mild retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to explore the effects of premature delivery and mild ROP on the development of refractive status and ocular optical components. Premature infants who underwent ocular fundus oculi screening in our hospital between January 2009 and February 2011 were included and divided into the ROP group and the non-ROP group. Full-term infants were the controls. The results of the annual ocular examination conducted between 2014 and 2018 were analysed, and the refractive status, optical components, and developmental trends were compared among the three groups. The total follow-up time was 4–5 years. The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism was high in the ROP group (P < 0.05). In the non-ROP group, the prevalence of myopia was also higher than that in the control group. The prevalence of myopia increased with age in the ROP and non-ROP groups, while the prevalence of astigmatism remained unchanged. In the ROP group, the corneal refractive power was the largest, the lens was the thickest and the ocular axis was the shortest; in the control group, the corneal refractive power was the smallest, the lens was the thinnest, and the ocular axis was the longest. These parameters in the non-ROP group were between those in the two groups mentioned above (P < 0.05). The corneal refractive power was relatively stable at 3–8 years old in the three groups. The change in lens thickness was small in both the ROP group and the non-ROP group (P = 0.75, P = 0.06), and the lens became thinner in the control group (P < 0.001). The length of the ocular axis increased in the three groups. Preterm infants are more likely to develop myopia than full-term infants, and children with ROP are more likely to develop both myopia and astigmatism. Thicker lenses were the main cause of the high prevalence of myopia in premature infants with or without ROP.
Purpose: To assess the association between different hyperopia levels and the axial length/radius of corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio and check if hyperopia levels can be assessed by the AL/CR ratio, and provide a basis for hyperopia screening in preschool children. Methods: The spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal refractive power (K) were obtained through cycloplegia optometry, IOL-Master on children aged 3-6 years, and the AL/CR ratio was calculated. They were categorized into four groups based on the SER: physiological, mild, moderate, and high hyperopia. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS 23.0. Results: The AL/CR ratio in the high hyperopia group (2.60 ± 0.08) compared to the moderate hyperopia group (2.72 ± 0.08), and the mild hyperopia group (2.83 ± 0.07) was statistically significant (F = 508.125, P = 0.000). The association between SER and AL/CR ratio was higher than the AL and the CR (R = -0.873, R = -0.738, R = 0.374, P = 0.000), and it became greater with the increasing degree of hyperopia (R = -0.284, R = -0.478, R = -0.401, R = -0.637, P = 0.000), with a mild negative correlation in the physiological hyperopia group and a moderate negative correlation in the mild, moderate and high hyperopia groups. The linear regression equation showed that for every 0.1 unit decrease in AL/CR ratio, the SER changed by approximately 1.68 D in the hyperopic direction (R2 = 0.762, P = 0.000). In children aged 3-6 years, when the AL/CR ratio was ≤ 2.80, this suggested SER of approximately ≥ +4.0D. Conclusions: The AL/CR ratio can be utilized to assess different degrees of hyperopia and as an objective indicator of hyperopia. The AL/CR ratio ≤ 2.80 indicates moderate hyperopia in preschool children.
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