The selective wetting behavior of silica in emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR)/solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) blends is characterized by the wetting concept, which is further developed for filled blends based on miscible rubbers. It is found that not only the chemical rubber–filler affinity but also the topology of the filler surface significantly influences the selective filler wetting in rubber blends. The nanopore structure of the silica surface has been recognized as the main reason for the difference in the wetting behavior of the branched ESBR molecules and linear SSBR molecules. However, the effect of nanopore structure becomes more significant in the presence of silane. It is discussed that the adsorption of silane on silica surface constricts the nanopore to some extent that hinders effectively the space filling of the nanopores by the branched ESBR molecules but not by the linear SSBR molecules. As a result, in silanized ESBR/SSBR blends the dominant wetting of silica surface by the tightly bonded layer of SSBR molecules causes a low‐energy dissipation in the rubber–filler interphase. That imparts the low rolling resistance to the blends similar to that of a silica‐filled SSBR compound, while the ESBR‐rich matrix warrants the good tensile behavior, i.e., good abrasion and wear resistance of the blends.
We propose LTE and CBRD to reduce route discovery overhead of reactive routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). LTE proactively distributes topology information of the network by using a lazy update policy. That topology information is used by CBRD to optimize route discoveries. CBRD is a reactive route discovery mechanism which employs topology information provided by LTE to restrict route discovery floods to limited regions containing desired destinations. Our simulation results have shown that LTE and CBRD efficiently reduce route discovery overhead as well as route discovery delay. Also, they improve routing performance of flooding dependent reactive routing protocols like AODV in low-and moderate-traffic networks.
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