Objective This study aims to compare 1-month’s efficacy and safety of single-session ethanol ablation and radiofrequency ablation for treating both purely cystic nodules and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. Materials and methods This short-term retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Danang Family hospital, and written informed consent for procedures was obtained for all patients. Thirty-nine patients who presented with cystic thyroid nodules and met inclusion criteria were extracted from the computerized medical records. The internal fluid of cystic thyroid nodules was aspirated as much as possible. Ethanol ablation was performed using 18-gauge needles with 99.5% ethanol, and RFA used a cooled-electrode RFA system and 18-gauge internally cooled electrodes via the trans-isthmic approach, moving-shot technique. Nodule volume, therapeutic success rate, the largest diameter, thyroid function tests, and complications were evaluated and compared before and after treatment in each group. Results Among 39 patients, 17 patients were undergone EA (mean age of 47.35 years; the proportion of female of 76.5%; purely thyroid cyst percentage of 41.4%) and 22 patients were undergone RFA (mean age of 46.63 years; the proportion of female of 86.4%; purely thyroid cyst percentage of 54.5%). Both treatment techniques showed a significant reduction of the largest diameter and nodule volume (p<0.05) without complications. RFA reduced nodule volume and the largest nodule size greater than EA treatment at 1-month post-ablation (p<0.05). In addition, the therapeutic success rate in the RFA group was higher than in the EA group. Conclusion Both RFA and EA treatment with single-session confirm the efficacy and safety for cystic thyroid nodules at 1-month follow-up, RFA reduced greater in nodule volume and the largest nodule size than the EA treatment. Thus, the therapeutic success rate in the RFA group was higher than in the EA group.
In this report, we present the synthesis of low dimensional shell-core (2D\1D) nanostructures, in which the TiO2 nanorods (TNRs) as the core are covered by a continuous monolayer MoS2 (1L-MoS2) as the shell. The obtain 1L-MoS2\TNRs was directly grown on the conduct graphite foil without any transfer process, thus minimizing the charge transfer resistance from the electrode to the outer most working surface. For the first steps, the TiO2 seed layer was designed by the AF sputtering method, then the TNRs were grown by hydrothermal approach. Thereafter, the TNRs were conformally coated by a continuous monolayer MoS2 via a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique, resulting in 1L-MoS2\TNRs nanomaterial. The structural, vibrational, and morphological characteristics demonstrated that the samples are high crystallinity. Interestingly, the 1L-MoS2\TNRs showed highly efficient in electrochemical HER activity with the smallest onset overpotential of -140 mV vs RHE and a corresponding Tafel slope of 80 mV per decade, which were much lower compared to the pristine 1L-MoS2 and TNRs.
In Viet Nam, climate change is becoming more and more obvious, causing many difficulties for people's livelihood, especially for ethnic minorities, who still have limitations in terms of education and responding skills and therefore they have very few livelihood options. The Co Tu people are ethnic minorities living mainly in the mountainous communes of Hoa Vang district, Da Nang City, Viet Nam. The consequences of climate change directly affect the physical and spiritual life of the local inhabitants. The objective of this study is to assess the livelihood vulnerability to climate change for the Co Tu ethnic group in Hoa Vang district, Da Nang City based on the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). This empirical research has implemented the framework for Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change proposed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results of the study show that the livelihood vulnerability of the Co Tu ethnic group in Da Nang is relatively low, in the Co Tu people in Phu Tuc village have a livelihood vulnerability lower than the Ta Lang and Gian Bi villages. However, some aspects need to be improved such as social network, health, food, and household living conditions. This research contributes to raising awareness against climate change and environmental protection; at the same time, it helps management agencies to have appropriate policies to ensure synchronous development and improve all aspects of the community's life.
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