Dexmedetomidine sedation could reduce postoperative delirium and was associated with shorter length of intubation, but might increase bradycardia in patients after cardiac surgery compared with propofol.

facades, roofs, etc. [1-4] Criteria to evaluate the performance of (semi-)transparent photovoltaic (ST-PV) include power conversion efficiency (PCE), averaged photopic transmittance (APT), and color rendering index (CRI), which indicates how good the original color is retained. [5] Since the light-absorbing and transmittance seem a paradox for PV devices, the light utilization efficiency (LUE), a product of PCE and APT (LUE = PCE × APT), is proposed to judge the performance of ST-PV. [4,5] Considering that the solar energy comprises photons of different energies or wavelengths (including both the visible and invisible photons), an ideal ST-PV device should make full use of the invisible photons to achieve high PCE, while allowing most of the visible photons to penetrate through for sake of high APT and CRI. [6-8] Thereafter, photovoltaic devices with good absorbing selectivity, that is, the ability to selectively absorb the near-infrared (NIR) photons and transmit the visible ones, are highly favored for high-performance ST-PV. Theoretically, the maximum LUE of single-junction ST-PV can reach over 20% with absolute selective absorbing property (Figure 1a). [9] While, the practical record LUE can only reach 5.7%, even with the tandem structure. [10] The huge gap can be attributed to the poor absorbing selectivity of ST-PV. [11-13] Particularly, energy band principle excludes most of the high-efficiency photovoltaic materials for ST-PV application. For example, although the inorganic photovoltaic materials, such as silicon, CIGS, CdTe, GaAs, etc, exhibit excellent performance approaching the S-Q limit and NIR absorbing properties, the energy band principle determines their strong absorption in the visible region (≈0% APT) and thus poor selective absorption. [14-16] As a result, these materials are seldom considered for ST-PV application. Fortunately, the semi-transparent organic photovoltaic (ST-OPV) device seems one exception to break the curse of energy band principle to fulfill good selective absorption. The organic semiconductors typically exhibit vibronic lightabsorbing features, which show peaks and valleys in different absorbing regions. Moreover, their absorption profiles can be easily tailored via modifying the molecular structures, rendering more space to realize good absorption selectivity. [17-20] Indeed, tremendous efforts have been devoted to explore high-performance ST-OPV. Particularly, developing the high-performance low band Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) are promising solar windows for building integration. Improving the light-absorbing selectivity, that is, transmitting the visible photons while absorbing the invisible ones, is a key step toward high-performance ST-OPV. To achieve this goal, the optical properties of the active layer, transparent electrode, and capping layer are comprehensively tailored, and a highly efficient ST-OPV with good absorbing selectivity is demonstrated. First, a numerical method is established to quantify the absorbing selectivity of materials and d...

This trial demonstrated that dexmedetomidine sedation may be better able to improve microcirculation in cardiac surgery patients during the early postoperative period compared with propofol.

Back contact modification plays an important role in improving energy conversion efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells. In this paper, an ultrathin carbon layer is introduced on molybdenum (Mo)-coated soda lime glass (SLG) prior to the deposition of CZTS precursor to improve the back contact and therefore enhance CZTS solar cell efficiency. By introducing this layer, the short circuit current (Jsc) and device conversion efficiency increase for both nonvacuum (sol-gel) and vacuum (sputtering) methods. Specifically, for the sol-gel based process, Jsc increases from 13.60 to 16.96 mA/cm(2) and efficiency from 4.47% to 5.52%, while for the sputtering based process, Jsc increases from 17.50 to 20.50 mA/cm(2) and efficiency from 4.10% to 5.20%. Furthermore, introduction of this layer does not lead to any deterioration of either open circuit voltage (Voc) or fill factor (FF).

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Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis and anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2) encephalitis and to investigate factors associated with poor long-term neurological functional outcomes and relapse among patients in western China. Methods: In this single-center prospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis and anti-Caspr2 encephalitis from April 2014 to February 2021. Patient outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin scale. Predictors of long-term functional outcomes and relapse were analyzed. Results: Forty-four anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients [median age: 44 years, range: 18–82 years; females: 25 (56.8%)], 35 anti-Caspr2 encephalitis patients [median age: 43 years, range: 14–80 years; females: 19 (54.3%)], and 5 dual-positive patients [median age: 44 years, range: 36–58 years; females: 5 (100%)] were enrolled. Overall, 86.4% anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients and 80% anti-Caspr2 encephalitis had a favorable neurological functional outcome (mRS 0-2). Tumor occurrence and weight loss were associated with poor long-term functional outcomes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis, whereas in anti-Caspr2 encephalitis, predictors included behavioral disorder at acute phase, abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging, higher modified Rankin scale scores at onset, poor response to the initial immunotherapy at 4 weeks, age at onset<30 years, and relapse ( p<0.05). Overall, 13.6% of anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients and 20% of anti-Caspr2 encephalitis patients had at least one relapse. Sleep disorder at the acute phase was the risk factor of relapse in anti-LGI1 encephalitis, while female, age at onset <30 years, and behavioral disorder at acute phase were the risk factors of relapse in anti-Caspr2 encephalitis (log rank p<0.05). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and tumor occurrence rates of anti-LGI1 encephalitis and anti-Caspr2 encephalitis in western China are different from those in the Western countries. Most patients in our study had favorable long-term functional outcomes. The relapse rates are still high in both types of encephalitis, which warrants caution.

The rapid development of electronic technology has put forward higher requirements to find a more suitable energy source. The development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has revealed widespread success in converting...