<p>Traditional methods used for concentration of whey proteins have various levels of performance and effects on the nutritional properties and biological activities of the products. In this study, we showed that the greatest protein content was obtained using ultrafiltration and salt treatment methods. The effective concentration was approximately 40-53% (w/w) protein. Using electrophoresis and solubility tests, we also found that these methods offer the fundamental advantage of maintaining certain proteins in their native states. The products maintained key ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity; however, the antimicrobial activity was adversely affected by these separation methods.</p>
La bioactividad de los péptidos depende de la fuente y/o mezcla de proteínas empleadas. Phaseolus vulgaris L., es una opción para esto, ya que es una fuente importante de proteínas, pero su potencial no se ha estudiado a detalle. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las mejores condiciones de hidrólisis enzimática del concentrado proteico de dos variedades de frijol común (Negro Primavera-28 [CPPv-28] y Flor de durazno [CPPv-Fd]) para obtener péptidos bioactivos. En primera instancia, se establecieron las condiciones de hidrólisis del CPPv-28 y CPPv-Fd, los factores evaluados fueron: pH y actividad proteolítica del extracto de Pleurotus ostreatus (EEPo); y las variables de respuesta fueron: contenido de péptidos liberados y actividad antioxidante. A partir de esto y por medio de la metodología de superficie de respuestas, se llevó a cabo el proceso de optimización. Se encontró que el EEPo liberó péptidos con actividad antioxidante, asimismo, las mejores condiciones de hidrólisis se obtuvieron al realizar el proceso con 43 UA del EEPo, empleando 125 mg/mL del CPPv-28 a pH 8 por 147 min o con 148 mg/mL del CPPv-Fd a pH 7 por 72 min, ya que se obtuvieron péptidos con 64 y 73 % de Inhibición del ABTS+•, respectivamente.
Whey is a highly polluting by-product of cheese processing. However, it has valuable nutritional properties since it is a rich and balanced source of proteins and amino acids. Therefore, it has a broad range of functional properties that can be exploited for diverse applications. Research has shown how the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins releases bioactive peptides. In the present study, the hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WCP) was performed using purified Sporisorium reilianum aspartyl protease (Eap1), commercial enzymes chymotrypsin (C) and trypsin (T), as well as different enzymatic combinations in order to determine which enzyme or combination allowed for the release of peptides presenting the highest antioxidant and antihypertensive activity levels; our results indicated that hydrolysis with Eap1 releases the best-performing peptides in comparison with individual enzymes and their combinations.
The objective of the present study was to use molecular techniques to identify a wild mushroom isolated from A. salmiana, and then evaluate its biological efficiency, production rate, and nutritional and morphological characteristics when grown on A. salmiana bagasse with various concentrations of urea as a source of nitrogen. Two types of inoculum were employed: in grain (WG) and pellet (WP) form. The substrate was supplemented with total nitrogen concentrations (TN) of 0.77, 0.95, 1.14, 1.32, and 1.5% to evaluate its effect on the biological efficiency (BE), production rate (PR), and morphological and nutritional characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The molecular analysis of the ITS region permitted the amplification of a product of 750 pb. The mushroom was identified as Pleurotus djamor. After supplementing the substrate with urea, a BE of 70% was obtained in the sample inoculated with WG at 1.32% TN. Observations found that the TN concentration of 1.5% produced malformations in the fruiting bodies. The analysis of the sporocarps indicated a raw protein content (RP) of 15–26% and that the mushroom’s nutritional composition changed according to the inoculum utilized and the percentage of nitrogen in the substrate. This is the first report on the isolation of P. djamor on A. salmiana as an atypical substrate, and so represents an opportunity for further study and commercialization. To its chemical composition and high availability, A. salmiana bagasse is a suitable alternative substrate for cultivating edible mushrooms, specifically P. djamor.
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