Se analizaron las variables que justifican la conservación del bosque y la milpa a través del conocimiento tradicional. Las entrevistas semi-estructuradas evidenciaron tres variables que se relacionan con la seguridad alimentaria y tres con la soberanía alimentaria en el marco de un listado de especies proporcionadas por los entrevistados. Las variables fueron codificadas y analizadas por medio de la correlación de Pearson y regresión logística para identificar las variables que prevén alimentos locales. La utilidad tradicional y la disponibilidad física explican el éxito de la soberanía alimentaria a partir de 84 especies comestibles localizadas en el bosque y en la milpa. Esta coexistencia da lugar al bienestar socioecológico de los pueblos ancestrales a partir de la conservación del ecosistema. Palabras clave: conocimiento tradicional; especies; bosque; milpa; animales de traspatio; soberanía alimentaria.
Objetivo: Analizar el contexto ecológico-cultural de los hongos comestibles silvestres en una comunidad del centro de México. Diseño, metodología y aproximación: Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a personas que poseen el conocimiento tradicional con respecto a hongos silvestres. Se calcularon el índice de importancia cultural (Cls), índice de conservación prioritaria (IPC) y regresión logística. Resultados: 17 especies de hongos comestibles silvestres son importantes a nivel cultural. 27 platillos de hongos se degustan de junio a octubre. 5 especies tienen un promedio de venta de 50 a 80 kilos por día, 3 de ellas tienen un alto IPC y Cls, El índice de conservación prioritaria evidenció que 7 especies silvestres están bajo presión por 12 actividades antrópicas y con esto la reducción de la diversidad de alimentos. Limitaciones e implicaciones: Se trata de un estudio de caso particular por lo que el alcance de sus resultados se limita a establecer afirmaciones descriptivas de la unidad de observación. Hallazgos y conclusiones: Se concluye que la cultura está fuertemente relacionada con el ecosistema forestal y el tiempo para el bienestar del ser humano.
<p><strong>Background</strong>. Despite the fact that it is an indigenous species and of great cultural significance for rural areas of Mexico, breeding and production of turkey is an economic activity that has currently lost importance and is at risk of disappearing, due to structure and management, flock health and social factors <strong>Objective</strong>. Typifying production units (PU) of native backyard turkey in the Municipality of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico. <strong>Methodology</strong>. The information was obtained through a structured survey to holders of 20 PU of backyard turkey. PU were typified using multivariate statistics; a principal component analysis (PCA), to standardize information and with the regressions of the original variables on the new factors obtained, a cluster analysis (CA) to classify PU based on intrinsic characteristics that defined them and extrinsic characteristics that differentiated them. <strong>Results</strong>. The PU are characterized by the presence of small families, small flocks managed by women over 59 years old, who speak nahuatl native language and have primary education. The PU began by buying birds, they have a traditional backyard management, whose food base is corn and kitchen waste. Production is low and is used for self-consumption through the preparation of traditional dishes such as mole. To a lesser extent, both turkey and meat are sold in local markets to improve family income. The continuity of the activity is compromised, in small PU mainly, due to low interest and generational change. <strong>Implications</strong>. The work made it possible to identify the PU trends and the factors that favor production, as well as those factors that compromise the continuity of the family activity. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. There is a diversity of backyard turkey PU, the flocks are small managed by women, the diet is based on grains and kitchen waste, the products obtained are for self-consumption from traditional dishes and their continuity depends on the experience in the activity and the family size.</p>
The breeding of native guajolote (Melleagris gallopavo) is an ancestral activity that is part of cultural heritage of indigenous communities in Mexico, and in recent years has experienced a substantial decline in certain regions of the country,indicating a trend toward disappearance. The objective of the study is to view rural tourism as a strategy for the re‑valuation and conservation of the breeding of the native guajolote in indigenous communities of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico. The research was begun with the review of specialized literature, application of a structured questionnaire to managers of the activity, and use of multivariate statistics that allowed us to characterise and typify production units (UP). It was identified that certain types of UP have potential characteristics for the devlopment of rural tourism, likewise, the evidence of availability and interest of producers to diversify their activities and integrating them into rural tourism.
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