As a key component in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have been extensively explored and studied. Aiming to meet the requirements for future commercialization of PVSCs, HTMs which can enable excellent device performance with low cost and eco-friendly processability are urgently needed but rarely reported. In this work, a traditional anchoring group (2-cyanoacrylic acid) widely used in molecules for dye-sensitized solar cells is incorporated into donor–acceptor-type HTMs to afford MPA-BT-CA, which enables effective regulation of the frontier molecular orbital energy levels, interfacial modification of an ITO electrode, efficient defect passivation toward the perovskite layer, and more importantly alcohol solubility. Consequently, inverted PVSCs with this low-cost HTM exhibit excellent device performance with a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.24% and good long-term stability in ambient conditions. More encouragingly, when processing MPA-BT-CA films with the green solvent ethanol, the corresponding PVSCs also deliver a substantial PCE as high as 20.52% with negligible hysteresis. Such molecular design of anchoring group-based materials represents great progress for developing efficient HTMs which combine the advantages of low cost, eco-friendly processability, and high performance. We believe that such design strategy will pave a new path for the exploration of highly efficient HTMs applicable to commercialization of PVSCs.

Our results suggest that HMGB1 protein is a valuable marker for progression of CRC patients. High HMGB1 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with CRC.

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Conductive polyelectrolytes such as P3CT-Na have been widely used as efficient hole-transporting layers (HTLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their high hole mobility. However, the acid−base neutralization reaction is indispensable for preparing such polyelectrolytes and the varied content of cations usually leads to poor reproducibility of the device performance in PSCs. In this work, a commercially available polymer poly[3-(4-carboxybutyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3CT) was directly applied as an HTL in PSCs for the first time. Encouragingly, it was found that due to the dual functionality of carboxyl groups on side chains, a thin layer of P3CT can not only strongly anchor on ITO electrode and optimize its work function but also show an effective passivation effect toward perovskite active layer. Benefiting from such dual functionality, a uniform perovskite film with better quality was obtained on P3CT. As a result, the P3CT-based PSCs show much lower nonradiative recombination and achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.33% with a high fill factor (FF) of 83.6%. Impressively, as the device area is increased to 0.80 cm 2 , a PCE of 19.65% can still be obtained for the PSCs based on P3CT HTL. Our work provides important strategy for developing HTLs for high-performance PSCs.

Fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in air is conducive to low‐cost commercial production; nevertheless, it is rather difficult to achieve comparable device performance as that in an inert atmosphere because of the poor moisture toleration of perovskite materials. Here, the perovskite crystallization process is systematically studied using two‐step sequential solution deposition in an inert atmosphere (glovebox) and air. It is found that moisture can stabilize solvation intermediates and prevent their conversion into perovskite crystals. To address this issue, thermal radiation is used to accelerate perovskite crystallization for integrated perovskite films within 10 s in air. The as‐formed perovskite films are compact, highly oriented with giant grain size, superior photoelectric properties, and low trap density. When the films are applied to PSC devices, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% is obtained, one of the best results for air‐processed inverted PSCs under high relative humidity (60 ± 10%). This work substantially assists understanding and modulation to perovskite crystallization kinetics under heavy humidity. Also, the ultrafast conversion strategy by thermal radiation provides unprecedented opportunities to manufacture high‐quality perovskite films for low‐temperature, eco‐friendly, and air‐processed efficient inverted PSCs.

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