Kernelised correlation filter (KCF)-based trackers have recently attracted considerable attention due to their exciting accuracy and efficiency. Numerous improvements have been made later for coping with scales variation or partial occlusion etc. However, when there is an abrupt motion between the consecutive image frames, these trackers would face failure. To alleviate the problem, the authors present an extended cuckoo search (CS)-based KCF tracker (called ECSKCF). At first, the extended CS algorithm is constructed by the Simplex method (SM). CS has obvious capability in global search while the SM has exceptional advantage in local search. Based on ECS method, motion prediction is transformed to globally search for optimal position intending to enhance the quality of base image. Then, combined ECS with Gaussian distribution, a hybrid motion model is introduced to KCF framework, which has the capability of capturing abrupt motion. Finally, a unified framework is designed to track smooth or abrupt motion simultaneously. Extensive experimental results in both quantitative and qualitative measures demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' proposed method for abrupt motion tracking.

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Polygala fallax Hemsl. (Polygalaceae), a traditional Chinese medicinal species, requires optimal growth conditions for artificial cultivation. Irradiance is one of the primary environmental factors that affects the growth and survival of P. fallax Hemsl. plants, which seemingly grow better under weak irradiance conditions. However, the optimum light intensity for growing P. fallax Hemsl. is not clear. To determine the optimum light intensity for cultivating this medicinal plant species, P. fallax Hemsl. plants from two different habitats were grown and exposed to three shade treatments (50% shade, 70% shade and 90% shade, which resulted in photosynthetically active radiation amounts equal to 662 μmol m−2 s−1, 401 μmol m−2 s−1, and 131 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively) to evaluate survival, growth, leaf photosynthesis, and the main pharmacological active ingredients (saponins) in response to shade. Our results revealed that the P. fallax Hemsl. plants in the different habitats consistently exhibited relatively high photosynthesis rates, biomass, survival rates and saponins under 662 μmol m−2 s−1 created by the 50% shade treatment. We concluded that photosynthetically active radiation of approximately 662 μmol m−2 s−1 is suitable for the cultivation of P. fallax Hemsl. plants.

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