Purpose: This study constructs a valid performance-based system to monitor accountability within the Chinese government. Design/methodology/approach: First, a normative analysis model was constructed to include four factors, which form a complete accountability system: accountability to whom, accountability for what, how to demand accountability, and its effectiveness. This normative model was then used to explore existing practices of Chinese government performance evaluation and accountability. Findings: Our study revealed the need to accelerate 'two integrations' in order to develop performance-based accountability. This would involve accelerating the integration of government performance assessment and accountability and accelerating the integration of external control and internal control. Research Implications: This study is a preliminary study that points out the direction of performance-based accountability system reform in Chinese government. It will further promote the transformation of government functions and change the way administration is carried out, promote to achieve the goal of the responsible government, and service-oriented government. Establishing an effective performance-based accountability system in China may yet require further research and policy recommendations. Originality/value: This article is original in its attempt to construct an accountability index for the Chinese government. Its specific focus on China increases its originality as no known study has attempted to construct such an index.
Although most existing studies have considered entrepreneurial bricolage as a means to overcome resource constraints in new ventures, few have explored the direct effects of entrepreneurial bricolage on employee creativity, particularly in the context of entrepreneurial internet firms. Drawing from multiple theories (i.e., social learning theory and social cognitive theory), this study proposes a cross-level mediation model for the trickle-down effects of entrepreneurial bricolage and business model innovation on employee creativity. By using a 2-wave longitudinal design, survey data were collected from multiple sources, including 49 leaders and 336 employees from entrepreneurial internet firms in China. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was applied to analyze the cross-level mediation model. The results show that both entrepreneurial bricolage and business model innovation failed to significantly and positively direct employee creativity. Furthermore, entrepreneurial bricolage exerted a cross-level influence on employee creativity that was sequentially transmitted through between-level business model innovation and within-level creative self-efficacy. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are also discussed.
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