The objectives of this study were to investigate distribution and solubility of Pb, Cs and As in soils under electrokinetic field and examine the processes of coupled electrokinetic phytoremediation of polluted soils. The elevated bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Pb, As and Cs in paddy soil under an electrokinetic field (EKF) were studied. The results show that the EKF treatment is effective on lowering soil pH to around 1.5 near the anode which is beneficial for the dissolution of metal(loid)s, thus increasing their overall solubility. The acidification in the anode soil efficiently increased the water soluble (SOL) and exchangeable (EXC) Pb, As and Cs, implying enhanced solubility and elevated overall potential bioavailability in the anode region while lower solubility in the cathode areas. Bioaccumulations of Pb, As and Cs were largely determined by the nature of elements, loading levels and EKF treatment. The native Pb in soil usually is not bioavailable. However, EKF treatment tends to transfer Pb to the SOL and EXC fractions improving the phytoextraction efficiency. Similarly, EKF transferred more EXC As and Cs to the SOL fraction significantly increasing their bioaccumulation in plant roots and shoots. Pb and As were accumulated more in plant roots than in shoots while Cs was accumulated more in shoots due to its similarity of chemical properties to potassium. Indian mustard, spinach and cabbage are good accumulators for Cs. Translocation of Pb, As and Cs from plant roots to shoots were enhanced by EKF. However, this study indicated the overall low phytoextraction efficiency of these plants.

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Through powerful solvothermal and facile ultrasonic synthetic strategies, two unique cluster-based lanthanide Lu and Y nanoporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been successfully prepared, namely, {[Lu 2 (L) ,5-tricarboxylic acid). In addition, both the morphologies and nanosizes of Lu-MOF and Y-MOF materials also have been deliberately tuned by adjustable ultrasonic conditions including irradiation time (40, 60, and 80 min) and power (70 w, 100 w). Currently, it is noted that the abuse of antibiotics such as ornidazole and ronidazole leads to great damage to human health, and therefore the development of highly effective and facile detection methods for ornidazole and ronidazole is quite important. Herein, to improve the fluorescent sensing sensitivity of antibiotics, Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ have been introduced into Lu-MOF (under a solvothermal preparation method) to fabricate a dual-emission hybrid material Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ @Lu-MOF through a postsynthesis strategy, which can be successfully applied as a self-calibrated ratiometric fluorescent sensor for ornidazole and ronidazole with high selectivity and sensitivity (the K sv value for ornidazole is 1.0854 × 10 6 [M −1 ], and the K sv value for ronidazole is 1.0595 × 10 7 [M −1 ]) and low detection limit values (2.85 nM for ornidazole and 26.7 nM for ronidazole). On the other hand, amoeba liver abscess (ALA) will easily lead to irregular fever, night sweats, and other tortured symptoms; C-reactive protein autoantibody (CRP Ab) is the important biomarker for the detection of ALA. Given this, Y-MOF (under the solvothermal preparation method) also has been successfully designed to combine FAM-labeled NH-ssDNA to construct the scarcely reported excellent hybrid FAM-labeled NH-ssDNA/Y-MOF sensing platform for the highly effective discrimination of CRP Ab with excellent sensitivity and selectivity in real samples such as human serum solution.

Cs is a common radionuclide present in nuclear wastes and released from nuclear power plant accidents. It is hard to be removed from water with traditional technology. The current study aimed at developing of efficient cost-effective adsorbent for removing Cs with modified MCM-41 with specific functional groups -SH. Mesoporous material MCM-41 was selected due to its large surface area and tunable pore structure. Functional -SH groups were grafted into the pores of MCM-41 to enhance its capability of selective adsorption of Cs from multi-element (Co, Sr) water solution. The adsorption results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 29.24 mg/g. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models described the adsorption processes of Cs, indicating co-existence of both monolayer and multilayer adsorption in the surface and inner pores of the materials. TEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that -SH groups were successfully bounded into the pores of MCM-41. The present study approved the surface functional modified MCM-41 which might be a good alternative candidate for cleaning up of radionuclide Cs from nuclear power plant accidents and relevant nuclear accident events.