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Carbon nanofiber sponges composed of three-dimensional networks have been prepared though chemical vapor deposition. Such sponges exhibit controllable bulk density, admirable mechanical flexibility and high oil absorption capacity.

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Electromembrane extraction (EME) as a novel sample preparation technique was firstly applied for the purification and enrichment of bromate (BrO 3 − ) in drinking water prior to capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CZE-C 4 D). BrO 3 − , as the primary disinfection by-product of ozonation, could be well separated with the major inorganic anions coexisting in water samples using a 300 mmol L −1 acetic acid solution as the running buffer. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve showed good linearity (r 2 =0.996), and the limit of detection was down to 0.12 ng mL −1 with the enrichment factor at 267. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for peak area and migration time at a spiked concentration of 10 ng mL −1 of bromate were below 8.8 and 2.5 %, respectively. This proposed EME-CZE-C 4 D method has been successfully applied to analyze bottled drinking water and tap water samples with recoveries in the range of 85~98 %, providing an alternative to the determination of bromate in drinking water.

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