Sensitive Determination of Bromate in Water Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Electromembrane Extraction

Abstract

Electromembrane extraction (EME) as a novel sample preparation technique was firstly applied for the purification and enrichment of bromate (BrO 3 − ) in drinking water prior to capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CZE-C 4 D). BrO 3 − , as the primary disinfection by-product of ozonation, could be well separated with the major inorganic anions coexisting in water samples using a 300 mmol L −1 acetic acid solution as the running buffer. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve showed good linearity (r 2 =0.996), and the limit of detection was down to 0.12 ng mL −1 with the enrichment factor at 267. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for peak area and migration time at a spiked concentration of 10 ng mL −1 of bromate were below 8.8 and 2.5 %, respectively. This proposed EME-CZE-C 4 D method has been successfully applied to analyze bottled drinking water and tap water samples with recoveries in the range of 85~98 %, providing an alternative to the determination of bromate in drinking water.

Double surfactants‐assisted electromembrane extraction of cyromazine and melamine in surface water, soil and cucumber samples followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

“…The CE‐C 4 D system has been described previously . The effective length of fused silica capillary (23.5 μm i.d.…”

“…CE‐C 4 D technology has been applied for the determination of MEL in milk samples . Our previous studies also employed CE‐C 4 D for the analyses of fatty acids, bromate, and polyamines in biological and food samples …”

“…applied EME technique combined with HPLC‐ultraviolet detection for preconcentration and determination of MEL in dairy products . EME has broad application prospects in food, biological and environmental analysis fields . Furthermore, several surfactants have been applied for enhancing extraction efficiency of EME.…”

Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D): An update

“…Zhang and co‐researchers introduced EME as online sample preparation method coupled with CE‐C 4 D for analysis haloacetic acids (Zhang et al, ) and bromate (Zhang et al, ) in drinking water and tap water.…”

Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques— Developments from 2014 to 2016

“…EME is based on electrically induced transfer of ionic compounds from a complex aqueous sample across a thin layer of water immiscible organic membrane into another aqueous receiving solution . Five priority haloacetic acids and bromate , which are associated with disinfection processes of potable water, were determined in drinking water samples after selective EME. The combination of the high enrichment power of EME and the sensitive determination of the small ions by CE‐C 4 D ensured LODs of the methods that were significantly below the World Health Organization guideline values.…”