Age-related inflammation is the predominant factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined memory performance and neuroinflammation in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced sub-acute aging model of rats. Our results demonstrated that chronic administration of D-gal (120 mg/kg) produced cognitive impairment as determined by Morris water maze (MWM) test and step-down passive avoidance test. D-gal also activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65/RelA by down-regulating the expression level of sirtuins 1 (SIRT1) in the hippocampus. Treatment with Salidroside (Sal, 20, 40 mg/kg) for 28 days ameliorated D-gal-induced memory deficits and inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, D-gal-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in the brain was also inhibited by Sal via up-regulating SIRT1. These results suggest that D-gal-triggered memory impairment and inflammatory response may be associated with SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway, whereas treatment with Sal could positively affect these changes in hippocampus.
It is challenging to balance high biocompability with good mechanical–electrical sensing performance, especially when triggering inflammatory stress response after in vivo implantation. Herein, a bioinspired wrinkle‐reinforced adaptive nanoclay‐interlocked soft strain‐sensor based on a highly stretchable and elastic ionic‐conductive hydrogel is reported. This novel nanoclay‐composite hydrogel exhibits excellent tensile properties and high sensing capacity with steady and reliable sensing performance due to the structural–mechanical–electrical integrity of the nanoclay crosslinked and nano‐reinforced interpenetrating network. The incorporation of amphiphilic ions provides the hydrogel with significant protein resistance, reducing its non‐specific adsorption to proteins upon implantation, improving its biosafety as an implanted device, and maintaining the authenticity of the sensing results. Based on the revealed sensing enhanced mechanism based on hierarchical ordered structures as a proof‐of‐concept application, this hydrogel sensor is demonstrated to be able to accurately localize the region where myocardial infarction occurs and may become a novel strategy for real‐time monitoring of pathological changes in heart disease.
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