Surface plasmon resonance biosensors are drawing attention due to their real-time, label-free, and rapid characteristic. To detect trace biomarkers (ct-DNA, mi-RNA, PD-L1), plasmonic and metal oxide nanoparticles have been utilized for signal amplification and have shown exciting results. To achieve uniform, reproducible, simple, and sensitive sensor interface construction, two-dimensional materials such as graphene and molybdenum sulfide have opened a research upsurge and show a great possibility in the surface plasmon resonance biosensing field due to their unique large specific surface area, excellent in-plane electron transport effect, and singular optical properties. Here, we provide an overview of the recent research progress on two-dimensional materials in the field of surface plasmon resonance biosensors, including the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional materials, sensitivity enhancement mechanism, and interface construction. Finally, the challenges and development directions of detection sensitivity enhancement are summarized and prospected. Our work will provide a useful platform to expand the further application of two-dimensional materials in surface plasmon resonance biosensors.

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