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Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has been reported frequently in India and other countries in South Asia. There are few reports on the clinicopathological features of OSF in China, where OSF is an epidemic. This study analyses the clinicopathological features of OSF in Hunan Province, China. Methods A total of 674 cases of OSF were collected from July 2013 to August 2018 in Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, and gender, age, site, pathological stage, habits, symptoms and associated lesions were recorded. Results The male to female ratio was 32.7:1. The average age was 35.23 ± 10.08. The buccal mucosa was the most common site. A total of 99.85% of OSF cases chewed areca nut. Pale mucosa, restricted mouth opening, burning and fibrous bands were common clinical manifestations. Oral leukoplakia (OLK) was the most common associated lesion. The extended duration of chewing areca nut increased the risk of associated lesions ( P < 0.05). The risk of OSF associated with OLK decreased with increasing OSF stage ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of OSF in males was higher than that in females, the buccal mucosa was most affected, and chewing areca nut is the most common habit of OSF patients.

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Tumor is the most public health problem. The Wnt signal pathway extensively participates in diverse progresses containing embryonic development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor pathogenesis. The Wnt signal pathway consists of canonical signal pathway, noncanonical Wnt/PCP pathway and noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. The deletion of the ligand of Wnts results in cytoplasmic β-catenin phosphorylation, stopping entry of β-catenin to nuclear in canonical Wnt signaling. Instead, binding of Wnts to frizzled (FZ/FZD) as well as LRP5/6 causes activation of Wnt signal pathways. This facilitates entry of β-catenin to nuclear. The Dickkopf proteins (DKKs) have been known as the antagonist of Wnt signal pathway. A number of research of DKK1, 2, 3 have been reported, however, the effect of DKK4 on tumor process is still mysterious. A more distinct comprehension about the effect of DKK4 on tumorigenesis and tumor process will shed light on biomedical research of DKK4 and tumor research. This review summarizes the current knowledge of DKK4 in various kinds of tumors.

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Repair, reconstruction, and replacement of congenital malformations, either in case of exogenous or iatrogenic tissue and organ defects, requires utilization of a large number of personalized biomaterials. In recent decades, the improvement of people's quality of life and the prolongation of life expectancy have promoted the development of medical and material science. In addition to the traditionally used stainless steel, other materials such as cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium, titanium alloy, and the newly alloy materials continue to emerge, such as tantalum-based alloy materials which have been used in clinic, especially the application of porous tantalum trabecular metal in orthopedics. This paper which has provided good preliminary works for the development of tantalum biomaterials with more advantages in the future such as tantalum dental implants summarizes in detail the progress of tantalum materials in physicochemical properties and biocompatibility in recent years. From the comparison of surface passivation films of different metals in different environments, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of tantalum, the release of different metal ions and the damage to cells, it is concluded that tantalum has excellent corrosion resistance. Besides, the excellent biocompatibility of tantalum metals concluded by cytology, molecular biology, protein adsorption experiment, and hematology experiment, as well as regular follow-up observation of patients with porous tantalum trabecular metal in clinic. The excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the tantalum metal have a very wide prospect in clinical application.

Objective To characterize the incidence and survivals of patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods Patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Data were classified by sex, age, race, insurance status, T stage, N stage and grade. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were used to demonstrate risk factors of the presence of distant metastases and hazards related to mortality, respectively. Results We found 92 patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma, including lung, bone, liver, and brain, representing 1.08% of the entire cohort. 69 were male and 23 were female. Median survival among patients with distant metastases was 4.0 months. Conclusion The study describes the incidence and prognosis of patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on population estimates. The findings lend support to closely monitor the development of distant metastases among patients with predictors at the time of diagnosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

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