Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and associated with behavioral problems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these problems are not yet clear. In this study, kainic acid (KA) was systemically administered to immature male Wistar rats to induce SRS. The behavior of the immature rats was evaluated with a water maze, elevated-plus mazes, and open field tests. The expression patterns of synaptophysin, SNAP-25, and synaptotagmin 1 (Syt 1) were examined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. KA-treated rats with SRS demonstrated learning and memory deficits, reduced anxiety, and increased locomotor activity, compared with placebo-treated rats and KA-treated rats without SRS. No neuronal cell loss was observed in the hippocampus 6 weeks after exposure to KA. However, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed decreased synaptophysin, SNAP-25, and Syt 1 expression in KA-treated rats with SRS. Synaptophysin, SNAP-25, and Syt1 expression levels were found to be positively correlated with learning and memory but negatively correlated with anxiety and locomotor activity. These data suggested that SRS may induce changes in synaptophysin, SNAP-25, and Syt1 expression and may be functionally related to SRS-induced behavioral deficits.
Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a leading cause of gait disturbance in the elderly and well known as a type of cerebrovascular diseases. LA is mainly caused by the focal ischemic damage in cerebral white matter. Cognitive impairment in patients with LA is difficult to treat. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been reported to improve the cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment. However, whether CAS can ameliorate the cognitive impairment in patients with LA remains unknown. To address this problem, we prospectively enrolled 105 LA patients with carotid stenosis and 206 healthy subjects, who are free of carotid artery stenosis and brain diseases or injuries, as the control. Neuropsychological functions were tested in these LA patients before and after 1-, 6-and 12-month CAS, and compared with the data of control subjects. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised China (WAIS-RC) scores were lower in LA patients than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05), indicating the cognitive impairment in the LA patients. Compared with the scores before CAS, there is a time-dependent increase in MMSE and WAIS-RC scores after 1-, 6-and 12-month CAS (P < 0.05). Moreover, CAS treatment reduced Clinical Dementia Rating scale in LA patients. The cognitive impairment of LA patients with carotid stenosis was severe, but their cognitive impairment was ameliorated with carotid stenosis (P < 0.01). Thus, CAS can improve cognitive function of the LA patients with carotid stenosis.
To improve the sensing accuracy of the power fiber optic communication system, an intelligent sensing method of fiber optic network threat based on multi-information fusion is proposed. The architecture is composed of an information acquisition layer and a quantitative sensing layer. Multiple sensors are used to extract the multi-channel signal data of the optical fiber network. After the data is de-noised, the artificial neural network is used to implement multi-information fusion on the de-noised data. The data with the highest network security impact in the fusion information is extracted, and the information is transformed into the threat state through quantitative perception technology. After using the abstract ability to create the change process of the situation, through continuous reasoning, the complete situation of the network threat is displayed to realize the intelligent perception of the network threat. The experimental results show that the method has a high data fusion calculation detection rate and fusion rate, a low false alarm rate, and a strong data fusion calculation capability; it can effectively sense the threat potential of different networks, and the perception correct rate is always higher than 97%.
This paper considers a short packet transmission scheme based on optical fiber sensing technology, which consists of a transmitter and K users. Considering that the error probability in short packet communication cannot be ignored, we first derive the expression of the block error probability of the receiver based on the approximation of the Gaussian function, then the delay boundary is analyzed based on stochastic network calculus, and the delay violation probability under the target delay constraint is finally obtained. According to the simulation results, it can be concluded that the block error probability of the receiver can be reduced by increasing the number of launchers and the length of the data packet, thereby improving the reliability of the short packet transmission system based on optical fiber sensing technology. In addition, by increasing the threshold of block error probability, increasing the information transmission rate and the accumulated departure of the system can be improved, and the waiting time of arriving data packets will be reduced, thereby improving the delay performance of the short packet transmission system based on optical fiber sensing technology.
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