Aims The purpose of this study was to isolate Lactobacillus from gastrointestinal tract of healthy postweaning piglets and investigate its synergistic antimicrobial and probiotic effects with ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO). Methods and Results Of the 128 isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum BLPL03 was selected based on its excellent acid and bile salt tolerance properties. Lactobacillus plantarum BLPL03 was sensitive to β‐lactams, macrolides, amphenicols and cephalosporins, whereas it displayed the steady resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and peptide antibiotics. In vitro analysis of antibacterial activities showed that L. plantarum BLPL03 inhibited the four common food‐borne pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7 CMCC 44828, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311, Staphylococcus aureus CMCC 26003 and Listeria monocytogenes CMCC 54007 in synergy with nZnO. Furthermore, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction test demonstrated that the combined administration of L. plantarum BLPL03 fermentation liquor (LFL) and nZnO synergistically elevated the faecal number of Bifidobacterium by 73·19‐fold, and reduced the two potential enteropathogenic bacteria Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens in mice challenged with Salm. Typhimurium. Finally, dietary supplementation with low dose of nZnO (20 mg kg−1) when combined with LFL administration enhanced final body weight, fur appearance and average daily gain, and decreased feed conversion ratio and diarrhoea incidence in weaned piglets. The faecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus of piglets were dramatically enhanced by 81·96‐ and 3·15‐fold, respectively, after administration of a mixture of nZnO and LFL. Meanwhile, combination of nZnO with LFL resulted in low levels of Bacteroides, Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions A combination of nZnO and LFL exhibits potential health‐benefit properties for the control of gut microbial composition by their synergistic antimicrobial and probiotic effects. Significance and Impact of the Study This study may provide a potential nutritional strategy to improve performance and gut health of animals with gut microbiota disorders caused by pathogen infections and weanling, and so on.
The toxicity, especially the transgenerational toxicity of quantum dots (QDs) in vivo, is still scarcely understood in spite of great promising applications of QDs in biomedicine. In this study, the maternal status, pregnancy outcome, and fetus development of parental generation (P0) to offspring in three generations (F3) were investigated after Kunming mice perinatal (GD 13-PND 5) exposure to Cd containing QDs (CdSe/ZnS QDs) and CdCl2. The results show CdSe/ZnS QDs induced placenta injuries in P0 and diminished placenta diameters in F1 and F2. Bodyweight growth decreased in the CdSe/ZnS QDs treatment group in the F1 and F2 generation. Additionally, CdSe/ZnS QDs significantly altered the expression of key genes in the Shh signal pathway. Overall, this study exhibited that the CdSe/ZnS QDs exposure during perinatal period impaired placenta growth in the first two generations, but not on the third generation. The toxicological actions of the CdSe/ZnS QDs might be through the effects on the Shh signal pathway.
Heterosis has been widely used in rice breeding, especially in improving rice yield. But it has rarely been studied in rice abiotic stress, including the drought tolerance, which is becoming one of the most important threaten in decreasing rice yield. Therefore, it is essential to studying the mechanism underlying heterosis in improving drought tolerance of rice breeding. In this study, Dexiang074B (074B) and Dexiang074A (074A) served as maintainer lines and sterile lines. Mianhui146 (R146), Chenghui727 (R727), LuhuiH103 (RH103), Dehui8258 (R8258), Huazhen (HZ), Dehui938 (R938), Dehui4923 (R4923), and R1391 served as restorer lines. The progeny were Dexiangyou (D146), Deyou4727 (D4727), Dexiang 4103 (D4103), Deyou8258 (D8258), Deyou Huazhen (DH), Deyou 4938 (D4938), Deyou 4923 (D4923), and Deyou 1391 (D1391). The restorer line and hybrid offspring were subjected to drought stress at the flowering stage. The results showed that Fv/Fm values were abnormal and oxidoreductase activity and MDA content were increased. However, the performance of hybrid progeny was significantly better than their respective restorer lines. Although the yield of hybrid progeny and restorer lines decreased simultaneously, the yield in hybrid offspring is significantly lower than the respective restorer line. Total soluble sugar content was consistent with the yield result, so we found that 074A can enhance drought tolerance in hybrid rice.
Background: This paper aims to investigate the metabolic impact of walnut meal extracts rich in polyphenols (WMP) on high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats and to determine whether the lipid-lowering effects are related to modulations of the gut microbiota. SD rats were fed a standard chow diet or an HFD for 18 weeks. After 6 weeks, the HFD rats were supplemented with 750mg WMP/kg body weight and the vehicle for 12 weeks. The structure of gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rDNA sequences.Results: WMP suppressed the weight gain and visceral obesity. WMP treatment also improved lipid profiles and increased antioxidative activities. WMP fully reversed hepatic steatosis with upregulation of adipocytokines involved in lipid catabolism (e.g. adiponectin, PPAR-γ, visfatin, CEBPα), and increased the activity of lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, in which were associated with glucose tolerance improved and insulin resistance mitigated. As revealed by 16S rDNA sequencing, WMP restored the diversity of intestinal flora reduced by HFD, dramatically reduced the abundance of Fusobacterium varium and Enterobacteriaceae, reversed and sharply raised the abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG005 and Akkermansia decreased by HFD.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that WMP suppressed the weight gain and adiposity in HFD-fed rats, and fully reversed HFD diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while dramatically reduced the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of walnut polyphenols.
Background This study aims to identify the differences in patients with breast abscesses in combination with the infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) during lactation in the clinical characteristics, efficacy of puncture, antibiotic use, treatment duration, breastfeeding after illness and recurrence. Methods Clinical data of patients with breast abscesses during lactation who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to February 2017 were reviewed. According to bacterial culture results, they were divided into MRSA (n = 260) and MSSA (n = 962) groups. The hospitalisation, postpartum time, age, location of abscess cavities, number of abscess cavities, maximum amount of punctured pus, frequency of punctures, failure of puncture, antibiotic use, treatment duration, delactation and recurrence were compared between groups using a t-test and a chi-squared test. Results The statistical analysis showed that only delactation was statistically significantly different between the groups (P = 0.018). Hospitalisation, postpartum time, age, location of abscess cavities, number of abscess cavities, maximum amount of punctured pus, frequency of punctures, failure of puncture, antibiotic use, treatment duration and recurrence showed no statistically significant differences (P = 0.488, P = 0.328, P = 0.494, P = 0.218, P = 0.088, P = 0.102, P = 0.712, P = 0.336, P = 0.512, P = 0.386 and P = 0.359, respectively). Conclusion Patients with breast abscesses combined with MRSA infection during lactation presented no significant differences in the clinical manifestations, efficacy of puncture, antibiotic use or treatment duration from those with MSSA infection. However, the patients infected with MRSA were more susceptible to delactation after illness.
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