Noise levels ranged from 120 to 122 dB SPL during drilling in cortical bone and from 117 to 121 dB SPL during drilling in the mastoid cavity. There was no statistically significant difference between cutting and diamond burrs (p > 0.05). Noise levels during cochleostomy ranged from 116 to 131 dB SPL. Noise levels recorded in the round window exceeded 130 dB SPL when the endosteal membrane was touched by the burr. Noise levels generated by various types of suctions ranged from 100 to 129 dB SPL and a positive significant relation was found between noise and increased luminal diameter of the suction tip up to a diameter of 2 mm.

Our method enabled recordings of radiated noise levels close to the drill ranging from 84 to 125 dB SPL during drilling in cortical bone and from 85 to 117 dB during drilling in the mastoid cavity. During cochleostomy noise levels ranged from 114 to 128 dB SPL when recordings were made close to the round window. Maximal noise levels were underestimated due to microphone overload above 80 Pa.

Background Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP‐A) in the respiratory tract plays an important role in host. In the present, we assessed the association between SP‐A gene polymorphism and allergic rhinitis. Methods Using a case–control design, we compared the genotype frequencies of SP‐A rs1965708 between allergic rhinitis patients and healthy control group. Genotyping was performed using real‐time quantitative PCR‐based molecular identification methods. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to quantitatively assess the association between rs1965708 polymorphism and allergic rhinitis, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were also calculated. Results 500 patients with allergic rhinitis and 500 healthy controls were included in the study. Compared with the CC genotype, we found that AA genotype of rs1965708 could increase the allergic rhinitis risk in the univariate analysis (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56–4.54, p = 0.000). For dominant model, we found no significant difference in the dominant model (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.86–1.52, p = 0.367). In the recessive model, the CC genotype could elevate the risk of allergic rhinitis compared with CC + AA genotype (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.61–4.54, p = 0.000). Similar results were also found in the allele model (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07–1.54, p = 0.008). Interactions between rs1965708 AA or AC and smoking increased the allergic rhinitis risk. Conclusions The rs1965708 variants of SP‐A gene polymorphism are associated with allergic rhinitis, and the A allele could increase the allergic rhinitis risk. The AA SNP variants that interact with smoking may alter the susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.

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Background: Parotid gland tumors are rare with complex histopathology and no early clinical symptoms. There are no reports of epidemiological and pathological features of parotid gland tumors in the Anhui province of China. We aimed to retrospectively analyze the distribution and histopathological characteristics of parotid gland tumors in the Anhui province. Methods: We analyzed clinical data of 758 patients with parotid gland tumors who were admitted to three hospital centers between January 2018 and January 2022. Results: The most frequent neoplasms were pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. There were 641 patients with benign tumors and 117 with malignant tumors. The most common benign tumors were pleomorphic adenoma, and the most frequent malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Warthin tumor was the second most common benign tumor. In Hefei, squamous cell carcinoma was the second most common malignant tumor, which is inconsistent with other literature. Conclusions: The distribution and frequency of most parotid gland neoplasms in the Anhui province were similar to those described worldwide. The historically significant male predilection of the Warthin tumor was confirmed. Future multicenter studies can serve as an epidemiological baseline to better characterize these tumors.