We demonstrate novel molecular design for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymers based on a nonconjugated polyethylene backbone with through-space charge transfer effect between pendant electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) units. Different from conventional conjugated D-A polymers with through-bond charge transfer effect, the nonconjugated architecture avoids direct conjugation between D and A units, enabling blue emission. Meanwhile, spatial π-π interaction between the physically separated D and A units results in both small singlet-triplet energy splitting (0.019 eV) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (up to 60% in film state). The resulting polymer with 5 mol % acceptor unit gives efficient blue electroluminescence with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.176, 0.269), together with a high external quantum efficiency of 12.1% and low efficiency roll-off of 4.9% (at 1000 cd m), which represents the first example of blue TADF nonconjugated polymer.

Through‐space charge transfer polymers (TSCT polymers) that contain a non‐conjugated polystyrene backbone and spatially separated donor and acceptor units for solution‐processed OLEDs with full‐color and white emission is reported. By tuning the charge transfer strength between donor and acceptors with different electron‐accepting ability, emission color spanning from deep blue to red can be achieved. By incorporating two kinds of donor/acceptor pairs in one polymer to create duplex through‐space charge‐transfer channels, blue and yellow emission can be simultaneously obtained to realize white electroluminescence from a single polymer. The TSCT polymers exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence effect with delayed‐component lifetimes in range of 0.36–1.98 μs, and unexpected aggregation‐induced emission (emission intensity enhancement of up to 117 from solution to aggregation state).

The development of cost-effective hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells is limited by the lack of high-performance and low-cost anode hydrogen oxidation reaction catalysts. Here we report a Pt-free catalyst Ru7Ni3/C, which exhibits excellent hydrogen oxidation reaction activity in both rotating disk electrode and membrane electrode assembly measurements. The hydrogen oxidation reaction mass activity and specific activity of Ru7Ni3/C, as measured in rotating disk experiments, is about 21 and 25 times that of Pt/C, and 3 and 5 times that of PtRu/C, respectively. The hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell with Ru7Ni3/C anode can deliver a high peak power density of 2.03 W cm−2 in H2/O2 and 1.23 W cm−2 in H2/air (CO2-free) at 95 °C, surpassing that using PtRu/C anode catalyst, and good durability with less than 5% voltage loss over 100 h of operation. The weakened hydrogen binding of Ru by alloying with Ni and enhanced water adsorption by the presence of surface Ni oxides lead to the high hydrogen oxidation reaction activity of Ru7Ni3/C. By using the Ru7Ni3/C catalyst, the anode cost can be reduced by 85% of the current state-of-the-art PtRu/C, making it highly promising in economical hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells.

Through-space charge transfer polynorbornenes with fixeda nd controllable spatial alignment of donor and acceptor in edge-to-face/face-to-face stacking patterns are developed for achieving high-efficiency blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The alignment is realized by using the cis,e xo-configuration of norbornene to confine donor and acceptor in close proximity, and utilizing orthogonal and dendritic structures of donors to provide either perpendicular or parallel stackingm otif relative to acceptors. Compared to edge-to-face counterparts,polynorbornenes with face-to-face aligned donor and acceptor exhibit muchl arger oscillator strength and higher photoluminescence quantum yield. The resulting polymers exhibit deep blue (422 nm) to sky blue (482 nm) emission and TADF effect with reverse intersystem crossing rates of 0.4-5.9 10 6 s À1 ,giving the maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.8 %f or non-doped blue organic light-emitting diodes by solution process.

Through-space charge transfer hexaarylbenzene dendrimers containing circularly-arrayed electron donors and acceptors exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence and aggregation-induced emission effects, giving EQE of 14.2% for solution-processed OLEDs.

Porous titania networks containing gold nanoparticles have been synthesized and tested in photocatalytic applications. The porous structure was controlled using a templating technique, while a range of gold concentrations and a variety of routes were investigated to incorporate the gold nanoparticles. The influence of these parameters on the final structure (surface area and pore size), the gold crystal size, distribution, and content, and the photocatalytic activity of the porous materials were investigated. UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the Au/TiO2 materials showed strong absorbance at approximately 580 nm, indicating the successful incorporation of the gold species. X-ray diffraction analysis ascertained that the titania materials were crystalline (anatase phase) with gold peaks observed only when the gold content was greater than 0.25 wt %. Gold distribution and content in the materials were measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. From transmission electron microscopy analysis, the gold particle size and distribution varied with both the material preparation method and the concentration of gold used in the synthesis. Photocatalytic activity was dependent on the gold particle size and gold quantity. The highest photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation as monitored by the photodecomposition of methylene blue was obtained for the Au/TiO2 sample containing 2.0 wt % gold prepared by the deposition of gold onto prefabricated porous TiO2.

To realize power efficient solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (s-PhOLEDs), the corresponding high driving voltage issue should be well solved. To solve it, efforts have been devoted to the exploitation of novel host or interfacial materials. However, the issues of charge trapping of phosphor and/or charge injection barrier are still serious, largely restraining the power efficiency (PE) levels. Herein, with the utilization of an exciplex-forming couple 4, 4′, 4″ -tris[3-methylphenyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) and 1,3,5-tri(m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB), the efficient charge injection and transporting, barrier-free hole-electron recombination for the formation of the interfacial exciplex, and elimination of charge traps of phosphors in the emissive layer are realized simultaneously, resulting in a turn-on voltage of 2.36 V, a record high PE of 97.2 lm W−1, as well as extremely low driving voltage of 2.60 V at 100 cd m−2, 3.03 V at 1000 cd m−2 and 4.08 V at 10000 cd m−2. This report is the first time that the PE performance of s-PhOLED approaches 100 lm W−1 high level, even superior to the corresponding state-of-the-art performance of the same color vacuum-deposited PhOLED (v-PhOLED) counterpart. We anticipate this report opens a new avenue for achieving power efficient monochromatic and white s-PhOLEDs with simple structures.

This study examined the extent to which the impact of green transformational leadership on employee green behavior through follower perceptions of value congruence. Path analyzing on data from 193 subordinate-leader dyads showed that followers’ value congruence with their leader mediated the effects of green transformational leadership on employee green behavior. Results also supported that green identity moderated the indirect effect of green transformational leadership on employee green behavior through value congruence, such that the indirect effect was more positive when green identity was high than when it was low. These findings provided valuable contribution to green transformational leadership, value congruence, and employee green behavior by exploring the relationship between them. Practical implications and directions for future research are also discussed.