Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of the combined platelet (PLT), fibrinogen (FBG), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (CO-NPF) for postoperative outcomes in patients with lung adenosquamous cancer (ASC). Test results from patients who presented at The Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between January 2005 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. CO-NPF was scored between 0 and 4 according to increased PLT, FBG, NLR and PLR prior to being split into two groups based on the presence (≥2) or absence (<2) of the combination of increased inflammatory indexes. In total, data from 134 patients with ASC were reviewed for the present study. Multivariate analysis identified that increased CO-NPF (P= 0.001 and P<0.001, respectively), PLR (P=0.011 and P=0.001, respectively) and FBG (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) were independently associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). NLR (P=0.006) and PLT (P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of CO-NPF (area under the curve, 0.652, P= 0.008, 95% confidence interval, 0.551-0.752) was increased compared with NLR, PLR, PLT and FBG individually, suggesting that CO-NPF has greater predictive value. CO-NPF was significantly and independently associated with shorter DFS and OS, and had greater predictive value compared with NLR, PLR, PLT and FBG in patients with ASC who underwent surgery.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively exploreda sa dvanced chemical sensors in recent years. However,t here are few studies on MOFs as acidic gas sensors, especiallyp rotonc onductive MOFs.I nt his work, two new proton-conducting 3D MOFs,{ [Co 3 (p-CPhHIDC) 2 (4,4'-bipy)(H 2 O)]·2H 2 O} n (1)( p-CPhH 4 IDC = 2-(4-carboxylphenyl)-1 H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid;4 ,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) and {[Co 3 (p-CPhHIDC) 2 (bpe)(H 2 O)]·3H 2 O} n (2) (bpe = trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene) have been solvothermally prepared and investigated their formic acid sensing properties. Both MOFs 1 and 2 show temperature-and humidity-dependent protonc onductive properties and exhibit optimizedp roton conductivities of 1.04 10 À3 and 7.02 10 À4 Scma t9 8% relative humidity (RH) and 100 8C, respectively.T he large number of uncoordinated carboxylic acid sites, free and coordination water molecules, andh ydrogen-bondingn etworks inside the frameworks are favorable to the proton transfer.B ym easuringt he impedance values after exposure to formic acid vapor at 98 %o r6 8% RH and 25 8C, both MOFs indicater eproducibly high sensitivity to the analyte. The detection limit of formic acid vapor is as low as 35 ppm for 1 and 70 ppm for 2.M eanwhile, both MOFs also show commendable selectivity towards formic acid among interfering solutions. The proton conducting and formic acid sensingm echanismsh ave been suggested according to the structural analysis, E a calculations, N 2 and water vapor absorptions, PXRD and SEM measurements. This work will open an ew avenue for proton-conductive MOFbased impedance sensors and promote the potentiala pplication of these MOFs fori ndirectly monitoring the concentrationsofformic acid vapors.[a] R.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) are two of the most notable driver genes in lung cancer, whilst vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling serves a critical function in tumor angiogenesis. However, few studies have focused on the potential connection between EGFR/KRAS mutational status, and VEGFA, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)1 and VEGFR2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR (exon 19, 20 and 21) and KRAS (exon 2) mutations were detected using an amplification refractory mutation system technique, and the expression of VEGFA, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 204 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Associations between EGFR/KRAS mutational status and VEGFA, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 expression was analyzed using Pearson χ2 tests. It was revealed that EGFR 21 exon (P=0.033) and EGFR 20 exon (P=0.002) mutated tumors exhibited a significantly higher level of expression of VEGFA. EGFR 21 exon mutant tumors additionally demonstrated a significantly higher level of co-expression of VEGFA and VEGFR1 (P<0.001). EGFR 19 exon mutation was significantly associated with low levels of VEGFR1 (P=0.008). KRAS mutation was significantly associated with a high level of co-expression of VEGFA, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 (P=0.035), but no such association with the individual expression of VEGFA, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 was identified. However, neither KRAS or EGFR mutations exhibited an association with the expression of VEGFR2. The present study may help in the treatment of various patients with KRAS or subtype of EGFR mutation with anti-angiogenesis therapy.

Lunar minimagnetosphere formed by the interaction between the solar wind and a local crustal field often has a scale size comparable to the ion inertia length, in which the Hall effect is very important. In this paper, the general characteristics of lunar minimagnetosphere are investigated by three‐dimensional Hall MHD simulations. It is found that the solar wind ions can penetrate across the magnetopause to reduce the density depletion and cause the merging of the shock and magnetopause, but the electrons are still blocked at the boundary. Besides, asymmetric convection occurs, resulting in the magnetic field piles up on one side while the plasma gathers on the other side. The size of the minimagnetosphere is determined by both the solar zenith angle and the magnetosonic Mach number, while the Hall effect is determined by the ratio of the pressure balance distance to the ion inertia length. When the ratio gets small, the shock may disappear. Finally, we present a global Hall MHD simulation for comparison with the observation from Chang'E‐2 satellite on 11 October 2010 and confirm that Chang'E‐2 flew across compression regions of two separate minimagnetospheres.

No abstract

Since the moon’s revolution cycle is exactly the same as its rotation cycle, we can only see the moon always facing Earth in the same direction. Based on the clean particle radiation environment of the moon, a neutral atomic telemetry base station could be established on the lunar surface facing Earth to realize long-term continuous geomagnetic activity monitoring. Using the 20°×20° field of view, the 0.5°×0.5° angle resolution, and the ~0.17 cm²sr geometric factor, a two-dimensional ENA imager is being designed. The magnetospheric ring current simulation at a 4–20 keV energy channel for a medium geomagnetic storm (Kp=5) shows the following: 1) at ~60 Rᴇ (Rᴇ is the Earth radius), the imager can collect 10⁴ ENA events for 3 min to meet the statistical requirements for 2D coded imaging data inversion, so as to meet requirements for the analysis of the substorm ring current evolution process of magnetic storms above medium; 2) the ENA radiation loss puzzles in the magnetopause and magnetotail plasma sheet regions have been deduced and revealed using the 2-D ENA emission model. High spatial-temporal resolution ENA imaging monitoring of these two important regions will provide the measurement basis for the solar wind energy input process and generation mechanism; 3) the average sampling interval of ENA particle events is about 16 ms at the moon’s orbit; the spectral time difference for the set energy range is on the order of minutes, which can provide location information to track the trigger of geomagnetic storm particle events.

Since the moon’s revolution cycle is exactly the same as its rotation cycle, we can only see the moon always facing Earth in the same direction. Based on the clean particle radiation environment of the moon, a neutral atomic telemetry base station could be established on the lunar surface facing Earth to realize long-term continuous geomagnetic activity monitoring. Using the 20°×20° field of view, the 0.5°×0.5° angle resolution, and the ~0.17 cm²sr geometric factor, a two-dimensional ENA imager is being designed. The magnetospheric ring current simulation at a 4–20 keV energy channel for a medium geomagnetic storm (Kp=5) shows the following: 1) at ~60 Rᴇ (Rᴇ is the Earth radius), the imager can collect 10⁴ ENA events for 3 min to meet the statistical requirements for 2D coded imaging data inversion, so as to meet requirements for the analysis of the substorm ring current evolution process of magnetic storms above medium; 2) the ENA radiation loss puzzles in the magnetopause and magnetotail plasma sheet regions have been deduced and revealed using the 2-D ENA emission model. High spatial-temporal resolution ENA imaging monitoring of these two important regions will provide the measurement basis for the solar wind energy input process and generation mechanism; 3) the average sampling interval of ENA particle events is about 16 ms at the moon’s orbit; the spectral time difference for the set energy range is on the order of minutes, which can provide location information to track the trigger of geomagnetic storm particle events.

Acute stress disorder (ASD) is a kind of mental disease caused by trauma, which will bring heavy burdens to patients themselves, their family, their work and their lives. Once a person who has suffered a trauma develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the quality of life of patients will be overall impaired. It is found that the occurrence of stress disorder is related to the overactivation of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis). The most commonly used medications for ASD are recommended medications for PTSD, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), second-generation antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and others. The purpose of this article is to systematically organize and review the possible mechanisms of stress disorder and drugs for treatment of ASD.