regenerative functions due to the presence of the virus in endothelial cells of airway vessels may result in an uncontrolled exudates of protein-rich extravascular fluid, which leads to the airway tissue edema and leukocyte recruitment from the bloodstream into the extravascular lung tissue. Finally, as HRV was also shown to infect B cells and PBMCs, 8,9 our data may initiate the revision of present understanding of the complexity of respiratory viral effect on the generation of inflammatory and innate antiviral responses during airway viral infections.
BACKGROUND Although evidence suggests a weak association of single environmental risk factors with asthma and allergy risk in children, the influence of a combination of multiple environmental pollutants and household air pollution in the relationship of asthma and allergy remains unclear. We aimed to assessed the association of environmental composite quality index scores with asthma and allergy. METHOD Environmental composite quality indices were collected using the questionnaire that contains asthma and allergy, Chinese residential living habits, and outdoor environment items. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the binary logistic regression model after adjusting the most known asthma or allergy risk factors. RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1636 girls and 1446 boys were included in the final analyses. Higher environmental quality index score was correlated with higher risk of asthma, eczema, and rhinitis. Comparing the top ([?]5) to bottom group (0-2), the multivariable ORs were 2.47 (95% CI, 1.41-4.33, P trend = 0.004) for asthma, 1.51 for eczema (95% CI, 1.18-1.93; P trend = 0.002) and 1.83 for rhinitis (95% CI, 1.12-3.00; P trend = 0.017). Similar findings were observed in the stratified analyses. CONCLUSION The study showed that there is a harmful association between environmental quality and asthma with allergic diseases in children living in northeast China, and further research was needed to confirm the findings in other areas and clarify the specific mechanism.
Background
The global prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) was reported to be 27.5% in 2016, and there were stable levels of insufficient PA worldwide between 2001 and 2016. The global target of a 10% reduction in insufficient PA by 2025 will not be met if the trends remain. The relevant data for trends in China were still scarce. This study aimed to determine nationwide temporal trends in insufficient PA among adults in China from 2010 to 2018.
Methods
645 903 adults aged 18 years or older were randomly selected from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance conducted in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018. PA was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Temporal changes in insufficient PA prevalence and participation of domain-specific moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results
From 2010 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of insufficient PA in China increased from 17.9% (95% confidence interval 16.3% to 19.5%) in 2010 to 22.3% (20.9% to 23.8%) in 2018 (P for trend < 0.001). By age group, with a significant increase in insufficient PA in adults aged 18–34 years (P for trend < 0.001), which rose more rapidly than in adults aged ≥ 35 years (P for interaction < 0.001). Insufficient PA has increased significantly among adults engaged in agriculture-related work, non-manual work, and other manual work (all P for trend < 0.05). And among the occupational groups, those engaged in agriculture-related work had the fastest increase (P for interaction = 0.01). The percentage of adults participating in work-related MVPA decreased from 79.6% (77.8% to 81.5%) to 66.8% (64.9% to 68.7%) along with a decrease in time spent on work-related MVPA, while percentages of adults participating in recreation-related MVPA increased from 14.2% (12.5% to 15.9%) to 17.2% (16.0% to 18.4%) (all P for trend < 0.05).
Conclusions
Among Chinese adults, an increasing trend was found in insufficient PA from 2010 to 2018, with more than one-fifth of adults failing to achieve the recommendation of adequate PA. More targeted PA promotion strategies should be developed to improve population health.
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