Higher environmental composite quality index score and risk of asthma and allergy in Northeast China

Abstract

regenerative functions due to the presence of the virus in endothelial cells of airway vessels may result in an uncontrolled exudates of protein-rich extravascular fluid, which leads to the airway tissue edema and leukocyte recruitment from the bloodstream into the extravascular lung tissue. Finally, as HRV was also shown to infect B cells and PBMCs, 8,9 our data may initiate the revision of present understanding of the complexity of respiratory viral effect on the generation of inflammatory and innate antiviral responses during airway viral infections.

Risk factors of asthma in the Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 76 studies have investigated housing-related factors and their association with asthma [ 16 – 18 , 25 , 26 , 38 , 52 , 53 , 58 – 60 , 67 , 72 , 73 , 79 , 82 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 105 , 111 , 118 – 120 , 125 , 127 , 129 , 130 , 135 , 136 , 138 , 142 – 182 ]. In these studies, frequently investigated housing-related risk factors of asthma included household dampness (18 studies) [ 17 , 67 , 72 , 82 , 85 , 88 , 125 , 130 , 142 , 143 , 146 , 147 , 150 , 157 , 166 , 171 , 174 , 180 ], traffic pollution (14 studies) [ 16 , 18 , 53 , 58 , 127 , 129 , 130 , 135 , 148 , 149 , 172 , 173 , 176 , 181 ...…”

“…The association between asthma and cooking fume exposure was investigated and reported in 21 studies [ 16 , 26 , 42 , 101 , 116 , 118 , 130 , 155 , 166 – 168 , 172 , 175 , 178 , 179 , 181 , 182 , 212 , 213 , 215 , 262 ]. Increasing risk of developing asthma was reported for various routes of exposure to cooking fumes, including the exposure to direct oil fumes [ 101 ], cooking without a chimney or a fan [ 168 , 213 ], eating in the kitchen [ 116 ], and cooking in the house without a separate kitchen [ 167 , 179 , 212 ].…”

“…Five studies have further shown the usage of wood [ 16 , 155 ], coal [ 101 , 215 , 262 ], gas [ 118 , 130 , 166 ], high-pollution fuels [ 167 ], fuel mix [ 179 ], and biomass/solid fuels [ 179 , 212 , 213 ] as cooking fuels for household cooking was associated with increased asthma risk, as compared with the usage of low-pollution fuels such as electricity. Seven studies reported a mixed or insignificant association between cooking fume exposure and asthma [ 26 , 42 , 172 , 175 , 178 , 181 , 182 ].…”

EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergy and asthma: The impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor air pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes and recommendations for mitigation measures

“…asthma, environmental science, guidelines, outdoor pollution healthcare resources, including visits to emergency department and hospital admissions. 11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, epidemiological studies have often yielded inconsistent findings, and not all studies have found significant associations, 21 which may be related to both variations in statistical, measurement and modelling methodologies between studies and differences between countries and/or regions in the concentrations and composition of outdoor air pollution.…”

“…Multiple studies have shown an association between outdoor air pollutants and poor early life lung growth, development of allergic sensitization, acutely impaired lung function, respiratory tract infections and numerous asthma‐related outcomes, such as new‐onset asthma, asthma exacerbations and deterioration of asthma control, lung function decline, increased use of asthma medication and of healthcare resources, including visits to emergency department and hospital admissions 11,13–20 . However, epidemiological studies have often yielded inconsistent findings, and not all studies have found significant associations, 21 which may be related to both variations in statistical, measurement and modelling methodologies between studies and differences between countries and/or regions in the concentrations and composition of outdoor air pollution.…”