The Internet of Things (IoT) poses stringent requirements on service quality and security strength. A highly reliable encryption algorithm with low complexity is required to ensure information security. Therefore, this paper proposes a complexity-reduced secure and fast encryption routine (SAFER)-Fermat block encryption method that accounts for the confusion and diffusion principles. In particular, a novel diffusion layer that exploiting the Fermat number theory transform is proposed, while the confusion layer remains unchanged as the SAFER algorithm. We also propose two data record structures to accommodate the two layers and deal with the overflow issue. The proposed scheme only considers the integer operation, the inclusion of multipliers in our study is no longer necessary, thereby resulting in low complexity and lightweight encryption method. Therefore, the proposed encryption method is advantageous for power-limited IoT devices. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed encryption method maintains the security of the SAFER++ method but requires fewer computations.INDEX TERMS Internet of things, block encryption, Fermat number theory transform, computational Complexity.
Allatostatin (AST) is a class of insect neuropeptides that affects insect growth and development by inhibiting the synthesis of juvenile hormones (JH) in different insects. Ⅲ-2 is a novel allatostatin-A(AST-A)analog derived from a class of nitroaromatic groups connected by different amino acids. In this study, we found that Ⅲ-2 showed high insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae with a LC50 of 18.7 mg L-1. As demonstrated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), III-2 particularly encouraged JH III and hindered 20E synthesis in S. frugiperda. The results of RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that Ⅲ-2 treatment promoted the expression of JH terminal synthetases SfCYP15C1 and SfJHAMT and inhibited the expression of SfJHE and SfJHEH in the metabolic pathway of JH. Significant differences were observed in the expression of the genes related to cuticle formation. We report for the first time that AST compounds specifically interfere with the synthesis and secretion of a certain JH in insects, thus affecting the ecdysis and growth of insects, and leading to death. This study may provide a new plant conservation concept for us to seek the targeted control of certain insects based on specific interference with different JH.
Chip is the core of the electronic information industry, and its current "neck" phenomenon is rooted in the failure to keep up with basic research. This study aims to provide a clear landscape of the dynamics of scientific innovation in the chip domain. Specifically, this study uses bibliometrics, social network analysis, and SPLC algorithm-based master path analysis to analyze spatial and temporal trends, collaboration characteristics, knowledge flows, and mainstream research paths through the global output of scientific paper in the field of the chip. The results show that the scientific output in this field has grown significantly, the network size is expanding, a few countries/regions and organizations are in the main position of chip science innovation, and the research themes on the mainstream research paths are concentrated in chip manufacturing. The study can provide lessons for researchers, policymakers, and research funders.
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