The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common and often predicts poorer outcomes than either disorder alone. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbid GAD and its association with quality of life (QOL) among MDD patients. A total of 1225 psychiatric outpatients were screened using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Those who scored ≥8 on the HADS were interviewed using DSM-IV criteria by two senior psychiatrists. Patients diagnosed with MDD were further assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and World Health Organization QOL Scale, brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Ultimately, 667 patients were diagnosed with MDD, of 71.7% of whom had GAD. Compared to those with MDD alone, comorbid patients had lower scores on the physical (38.64 ± 10.35 vs.36.54 ± 12.32, P = 0.026) and psychological (35.54 ± 12.98 vs. 30.61 ± 14.66, P < 0.001) domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. The association between comorbid GAD and poor QOL on the two domains remained statistically significant in the multiple linear regression (unstandardized coefficients: −1.97 and −4.65, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the prevalence of comorbid GAD in MDD patients is high, and co-occurring GAD may exacerbate impaired physical and psychological QOL in Chinese MDD patients.

Despite the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has achieved 25.2%, the control of the crystallization process and its impact on film quality is still...

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In order to study on nonlinear vibration of current carrying conductor, a differential equation is established by means of dynamics theory. Based on the method of multiple scales, the first approximate solution and corresponding solution of the primary parametric resonance is obtained.Numerical analysis results show that the amplitude and the topological structure changed with the increase of direct current. The characteristics and laws of the primary parametric resonance excited by the other system parameters such as current, detuning, tension and damping are also analyzed. It has also been found that the natural frequency of the system increases with the increasing tension but decreases with the increasing length.

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