Private participation is the key element in forming public private partnership (PPP). Numerous studies have identified the factors of private participation in infrastructure projects, but previous results rarely focused on the willingness to participate in infrastructure PPP projects from the private sector's perspective. This research examines the factors of the private participation in PPP when considering willingness to participate as a function of internal (i.e., a firm's nature) and external factors (i.e., institutions, government behavior, and project characteristics). Using the logistic regression model and the data from the questionnaire survey, this research finds that nine variables have a significant coefficient, i.e. profitability, political connection, government intervention, government support, project complexity, and project experience; especially for those companies with more project experiences, political connection and higher profitability are more likely to be willing to participate in PPP projects. In contrast to previous studies, the research finds no support for the effect of institutional environment and public support on firms' willingness to participate in PPP. These findings can serve as a valuable reference in shaping the private sector's motivation to participate in PPP. Factors of private participation in PPP projects are explained and discussed in the context of the Chinese PPP experience and practice.
Abstract:Examining the interrelationships among critical success factors (CSFs) for public private partnership (PPP) projects is of importance for improving PPP project performance and maintaining the sustainability of PPP project implementation. Previous studies mostly focused on the identification of the CSFs for PPP projects; limited studies investigated the interrelationships among CSFs. Hence, the research objectives are (a) to determine the interrelationships among CSFs of PPP projects taking into account the public and (b) to identify influence paths contributing to take advantage of CSFs in the process of PPP implementation. A literature review and expert interviews were adopted to construct the CSFs framework; nine hypotheses were constructed and tested by the structural equation modelling (SEM) based on the data collected from a questionnaire survey. This research reveals that the relationship between public and private partners is the leader-follower relationship, not the partnership relationship, in PPP projects, indicating that the responsibilities, power or resources existing among partners are very unequal. It also highlights that public involvement has a negative effect on the process of service provisions, and costs and risks exist in the process of public involvement in PPP projects. The determined interrelationships among CSFs will contribute to the sustainability and success of a PPP project.
Inequality is a large challenge to sustainable development, and achieving equity has already become one of the top goals in sustainable development of the UN's post-2015 development agenda. Located in the western inland region of China, Chongqing is characterized by "big city, big countryside, big mountain area, big reservoir area" and its regional inequality is more serious. This paper is to explore Chongqing's regional inequality from sectoral structure, spatial policy and economic development by constructing, decomposing, and calculating the inter-county per capita GDP Gini Coefficient. Through this study, it is mainly found that: (1) Chongqing has experienced a dynamic evolution from unbalanced development to balanced development, and its regional inequality has been decreasing steadily in recent years; (2) the Tertiary Sector gradually contributes most to regional inequality; (3) inequality between regions is the main section of regional inequality; (4) the spatial policy as per regional division of Five Function Areas is more rational than the division of the main urban and suburb areas; and (5) economic development is the best way to reduce the regional inequality. Based on the results of empirical study and the reality of Chongqing, targeted and systematic policy suggestions are proposed to reduce regional inequality and promote sustainable development.
Health equity is significant for social sustainability and the Chinese government is trying to achieve the goals of "universal access to basic health care services". As the comprehensive carrier of health care services, hospitals are almost the most important health care resources and their regional maldistribution needs to give a special concern for health justice and social sustainability. This study aims to explore regional maldistribution of various hospitals through constructing, decomposing and calculating per capita hospitals Gini Coefficient based on the unique structural system of China's hospitals from [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. Results show that: (1) the level of regional maldistribution of hospitals in China is not too serious in terms of quantity and there is a slight decline in recent years; (2) regional maldistribution of hospitals is mainly from General Hospitals and in inland areas; and (3) the slight decrease of regional maldistribution is mainly caused by Concentration Effect and increased per capita hospitals. Based on empirical results and the reality of China, some targeted policy suggestions are proposed to reduce regional maldistribution of hospitals and promote health equity for social sustainable development.
The construction of public rental housing is an important measure for developing China housing guarantee system. Because the construction of public rental housing is lack of financial funds and private capital without suitable investment channels is very rich, the idea of introducing private capital to participate in public rental housing construction through innovative financing modes has been put forward. This paper has also reviewed the literature on the private capital involved in public rental housing construction. And by analyzing public-private financing mode and the characteristics of public rental housing from four aspects such as cost transfer, risk sharing and project investment recovery and project control, this paper has concluded that PPP(Public-Private Partnership) financing mode is more superior and suitable for the financing of public rental housing construction.
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