Inequality is a large challenge to sustainable development, and achieving equity has already become one of the top goals in sustainable development of the UN's post-2015 development agenda. Located in the western inland region of China, Chongqing is characterized by "big city, big countryside, big mountain area, big reservoir area" and its regional inequality is more serious. This paper is to explore Chongqing's regional inequality from sectoral structure, spatial policy and economic development by constructing, decomposing, and calculating the inter-county per capita GDP Gini Coefficient. Through this study, it is mainly found that: (1) Chongqing has experienced a dynamic evolution from unbalanced development to balanced development, and its regional inequality has been decreasing steadily in recent years; (2) the Tertiary Sector gradually contributes most to regional inequality; (3) inequality between regions is the main section of regional inequality; (4) the spatial policy as per regional division of Five Function Areas is more rational than the division of the main urban and suburb areas; and (5) economic development is the best way to reduce the regional inequality. Based on the results of empirical study and the reality of Chongqing, targeted and systematic policy suggestions are proposed to reduce regional inequality and promote sustainable development.

Health equity is significant for social sustainability and the Chinese government is trying to achieve the goals of "universal access to basic health care services". As the comprehensive carrier of health care services, hospitals are almost the most important health care resources and their regional maldistribution needs to give a special concern for health justice and social sustainability. This study aims to explore regional maldistribution of various hospitals through constructing, decomposing and calculating per capita hospitals Gini Coefficient based on the unique structural system of China's hospitals from [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. Results show that: (1) the level of regional maldistribution of hospitals in China is not too serious in terms of quantity and there is a slight decline in recent years; (2) regional maldistribution of hospitals is mainly from General Hospitals and in inland areas; and (3) the slight decrease of regional maldistribution is mainly caused by Concentration Effect and increased per capita hospitals. Based on empirical results and the reality of China, some targeted policy suggestions are proposed to reduce regional maldistribution of hospitals and promote health equity for social sustainable development.

Abstract:In periods of rapid urbanization, investment in urban infrastructure should not only meet the increasing demands of all urban people, but also be equally allocated between cities to achieve social equity and sustainable development. This paper aimed to conduct quantitative research on the unbalance of urban infrastructure investment between cities in China. The measurement models for inequality, bi-polarization and the mobility of urban infrastructure investment were constructed by means of the Gini coefficient, bi-polarization index and mobility function from the urban system, and an empirical study was conducted based on panel data from 2006 to 2014. The results show that: (1) The overall inequality of urban infrastructure investment in China's urban system was relatively prominent and showed a "U-shaped" change generally. (2) The inequality between different administrative levels or regional cities only partially accounted for the overall inequality of China's urban system. (3) Inequality and bi-polarization showed inconsistent performance. (4) Mobility played a positive role in reducing the inequality and bi-polarization. Based on the empirical findings and the reality of China's urban infrastructure investment and financing, targeted policy suggestions were proposed in terms of adjusting inequality and bi-polarization, innovating investment and financing mechanisms, and optimizing urban infrastructure investment strategies.