The balanced management of water and nutrient factors is essential for the high-efficiency production of cucumber. The effect of magnesium coupling with water and nitrogen on cucumber was determined using a three-factor and three-level orthogonal rotation combination design experiment, and the yield, quality, and water and fertilizer efficiency of cucumber were studied. Yield was significantly influenced by the single factor of irrigation or nitrogen, with the largest value of 88,412.6 kg/ha under high levels of irrigation and nitrogen input. The increase in magnesium fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on reducing sugar and free amino acids, with results 19.0% and 9.8% higher than that of low magnesium application, respectively. The interaction of irrigation and magnesium alleviated the negative effects of nitrogen deficiency, thereby reducing the risk of nitrate accumulation and improving the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. The interaction of nitrogen and magnesium significantly affected the yield of cucumber, and all the quality indicators except vitamin C and the partial productivity of water and fertilizer. Six indicators from three categories of yield, quality, and efficiency were used to establish the comprehensive evaluation system based on correlation analysis, and yield was assigned the highest combined weight of 0.4023 using game theory. Grey relational analysis model was adopted to evaluate the water and fertilizer treatments, and the optimal applied combination was irrigation of 653.7 m3/hm2, nitrogen fertilizer (CH4N2O) of 1141.9 kg/ha, and magnesium fertilizer (MgSO4.7H2O) of 422.1 kg/ha. This condition comprehensively promoted yield, quality, and efficiency, providing a scientific water and fertilizer management strategy for cucumber production in Northwest China.
The balanced management of water and nutrient factors is essential for the high efficient production of cucumber. The effect of magnesium coupling with water and nitrogen on cucumber was determined using a three-factor and three-level orthogonal rotation combination design experiment, and the yield, quality, and water and fertilizer efficiency of cucumber were studied. Yield was significantly influenced by the single factor of irrigation or nitrogen, with the largest value of 88,412.6 kg/ha under high levels of irrigation and nitrogen input. The increase in magnesium fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on reducing sugar and free amino acids, with 19.0% and 9.8% higher than that of low magnesium application, respectively. The interaction of irrigation and magnesium alleviated the inhibition of nitrogen deficiency, thereby reducing the risk of nitrate accumulation and improving the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. The interaction of nitrogen and magnesium significantly affected the yield of cucumber, and all the quality indicators except VC, as well as the partial productivity of water and fertilizer. Six indicators from three categories of yield, quality, and efficiency were used to establish the comprehensive evaluation system based on correlation analysis, and yield was assigned the highest combined weight of 0.4023 using game theory. Gray Relational Analysis model was adopted to evaluate the water and fertilizer treatments, and the optimal applied combination was irrigation of 653.7 m3/hm2, nitrogen fertilizer of 1,141.9 kg/ha, and magnesium fertilizer of 422.1 kg/ha. This condition comprehensively promoted yield, quality, and efficiency, providing a scientific water and fertilizer management strategy for cucumber production in Northwest China.
Accurate and effective management of irrigation and fertilization is essential for efficient greenhouse strawberry production. Here, the effects of the combined application of water and potassium on strawberry growth were evaluated by experimenting with 12 treatments, including four transpiration (ET c )-based irrigation levels (W1: 100% ET c , W2: 85% ET c , W3: 70% ET c , and W4: 55% ET c ) and three potassium levels according to the target yield (K1: 369.5 kg/hm 2 , K2: 307.9 kg/hm 2 , and K3: 246.3 kg/hm 2 ). Various indexes of strawberry yield, fruit quality, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil nutrient residues were measured. Irrigation and potassium application had significant effects on strawberry production. Higher irrigation levels increased yield (Y), and moderate water and potassium application increased single fruit weight (SFW), water utilization efficiency (WUE), total soluble sugar (TSSC), and the sugar-acid ratio (SAR). While low-application of potassium increased the soluble protein content (SP), partial factor productivity of potassium (PFP K ), and reduce nutrient residues in soil effectively. A comprehensive system for evaluating strawberry growth and its benefits to the soil environment was developed. The FAHP and CRITIC methods were used to calculate the subjective weight and objective weight of each index, respectively. The largest subjective weight was observed forY (0.200), and the largest objective weight was observed for soil-available potassium (0.101). The final weight was determined using Game theory; Y had the highest weight (0.185), and free amino acids (FAA) had the lowest weight (0.047). Grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to evaluate the optimal irrigation and potassium scheme for accomplishing multiple objectives. The response of the comprehensive score of strawberries to irrigation and potassium exhibited a negative parabolic relationship, and the effect of irrigation was greater than the effect of potassium application. There was a significant interaction between irrigation and potassium application, and an irrigation amount of 2053-2525 m 3 /hm 2 with a potassium application rate of 288.1-334.2 kg/hm 2 was optimal for promoting strawberry yield, fruit quality, and efficiency and reducing soil nutrient residues. The results of this study provide new insights that could aid the development of sustainable approaches for enhancing agricultural production.
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