Molecular doping of inorganic semiconductors is a rising topic in the field of organic/inorganic hybrid electronics. However, it is difficult to find dopant molecules which simultaneously exhibit strong reducibility and stability in ambient atmosphere, which are needed for n‐type doping of oxide semiconductors. Herein, successful n‐type doping of SnO2 is demonstrated by a simple, air‐robust, and cost‐effective triphenylphosphine oxide molecule. Strikingly, it is discovered that electrons are transferred from the R3P+O−σ‐bond to the peripheral tin atoms other than the directly interacted ones at the surface. That means those electrons are delocalized. The course is verified by multi‐photophysical characterizations. This doping effect accounts for the enhancement of conductivity and the decline of work function of SnO2, which enlarges the built‐in field from 0.01 to 0.07 eV and decreases the energy barrier from 0.55 to 0.39 eV at the SnO2/perovskite interface enabling an increase in the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells from 19.01% to 20.69%.
Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS prepared by vacuum filtration can be generally favorable for fabricating hybrid organic thermoelectric materials with high performance.
Attracted
by the capability of light to heat and electricity conversion,
the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect has drawn great attention in
the field of energy conversion and self-powered electronics. However,
it still requires effective strategies to convert electricity from
light based on the corresponding photothermoelectric generator. Herein,
considering the broad photoresponse and large Seebeck effect of tellurium
nanowires (Te NWs) as well as the high electrical conductivity of
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS),
PEDOT:PSS/Te NW hybrid thin films were fabricated to enhance the conversion
efficiency by the photothermoelectric effect with respect to single
thermoelectric performance. A detailed comparison has been achieved
between the photothermoelectric and thermoelectric properties induced
by light illumination and heating plates through current–voltage
(I–V) transport, respectively.
PEDOT:PSS/Te NW hybrid films also show an enhanced photothermal harvesting
compared to pure PEDOT:PSS. A photothermoelectric device was assembled
based on the as-fabricated PEDOT:PSS/Te NW hybrid films with 90 wt%
Te NWs and achieved a competitive output power density with good stability,
which may provide insights into improving solar energy harvesting-based
photothermoelectric conversion by organic/inorganic hybrids.
Summary
Polyaniline (PANI), a low‐cost conducting polymer with an excellent specific capacitance and a high conductivity, is a promising organic material served for supercapacitor. However, it tends to curl and swell after constant charge and discharge, resulting in poor cycle stability. In this work, we employed the interfacial polymerization route to construct an aniline‐grafting graphene oxide/PANI (GO‐ANI/PANI) composite. The as‐prepared GO‐ANI/PANI composite shows a high specific capacitance (160.5 F g‐1) at 0.5 A g‐1 under the wide potential range from 0.0 to 1.0 V. Importantly, at a high current density (10 A g‐1), the capacitance retains 86% after 3000 cycles due to the enhanced interaction between GO and PANI and good conductive network. It has been demonstrated that the GO‐ANI/PANI composite has a higher specific capacitance and better stability compared with GO/PANI obtained by common method. This study implies that the composite electrode could be a competitive candidate for high‐performance supercapacitor.
Various kinds of semiconductor materials, organic and inorganic, served effectively as electrons or holes transport materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, their direct function has rarely been reported other than examining their effect in the final photovoltaic devices. In this work, a general and facile method was employed to determine to a point the type of carriers transferred by both SnO 2 and NiO popular charge transport materials in PSCs via scanning Kelvin probes microscopy. The sign of the increment of the surface potential voltage measured tells directly whether electrons or holes were extracted by these carrier transport materials while its mapping can also provide the extraction difference between grain interiors and grain boundaries. Both MAPbI 3 and CsFAMA triple cation perovskites were involved in the test with the same conclusion. Along with time-resolved photoluminescence, the extraction rate of each kind of material can be distinguished. This work definitely offers us a general and effective method to distinguish the carrier transport ability of either electrons or holes transport materials with indisputable clarification of carrier types and further to screen out optimal carrier transport materials for perovskite solar cells and more.
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