P-Arylation in water has been developed via cross-coupling of aryl halides with diphenylphosphine oxide (Ph(2)P(O)H) and (R(P))-(-)-menthyl benzylphosphinate catalyzed by NiCl(2)·6H(2)O/Zn under relatively mild conditions.

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The combination of 1,3-dichloropropene + dimethyl disulfide (1,3-D + DMDS), which forms a pre-plant soil fumigant, can provide a substitute for the environmentally unfriendly methyl bromide (MB). Three greenhouse trials were performed to evaluate the root-knot nematode and soilborne fungi control efficacy in the suburbs of Beijing of China in 2010-2014. Randomized blocks with three replicates were designed in each trial. The combination 1,3-D + DMDS (10 + 30 g m −2) significantly controlled Meloidogyne incognita, effectively suppressed the infestation of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora spp., and successfully provided high commercial fruit yields (equal to MB but higher than 1,3-D or DMDS). The fumigant soil treatments were significantly better than the untreated controls. These results indicate that 1,3-D + DMDS soil treatments can be applied by soil injection or chemigation as a promising MB alternative against soilborne pests in cucumber in China.

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Abrupt development of resources and rising expenses of infrastructure are leading institutions to take on cloud computing. Albeit, the cloud environment is vulnerable to various sorts of attacks. So, recognizing malicious software is one of the principal challenges in cloud security governance. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has turned to the most generally utilized element of computer system security that asserts the cloud from diverse sorts of attacks and threats. As evident, no systematic literature review exists that focuses on cloud computing usage within IDS processes. The previous investigations had not considered the statistical analysis method. Hence, this paper examined the IDS mechanisms in cloud computing systematically. Twenty-two articles have been obtained using defined filters divided into four sections: hypervisor-based IDS, network-based IDS, machine learning-based IDS, and hybrid IDS. The comparison is performed depending on the outcomes illustrated in the investigations. It demonstrates that IDS precision, inclusiveness, overhead, and reaction time have been discussed in many studies. Simultaneously, less attention has been paid to cost-sensitivity, functioning, attack tolerance, and intrusion facing. This paper has made an excellent effort to organize literature drawn from multiple sources into a manuscript.

Multi-component fingerprinting and quantitation of the glucosinolates and nucleosides in samples of Radix Isatidis have been carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). Five nucleosides together with one glucosinolate were identified by comparing retention times, ultraviolet spectra, mass spectra and/or empirical molecular formulae of reference compounds. Quantitation of these six compounds was carried out simultaneously by HPLC on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column using gradient elution with methanol and water and detection at 254 nm. All calibration curves were linear (r40.9994) within test ranges. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.33 ng and 2.50 ng on column, respectively. Intra-and inter-day precision (as relative standard deviation) for all analytes was o2.19% with recoveries in the range 99.6%-101.8% at three concentration levels. The validated method was successfully applied to fingerprinting and assay of 25 batches of Radix Isatidis sourced from different geographical regions of China. The method is simple and reliable and has potential value in the quality control of Radix Isatidis.

Assembly line is widely used in manufacturing system. Assembly line balancing problem is a crucial question during design and management of assembly lines since it directly affects the productivity of the whole manufacturing system. The model of assembly line balancing problem is put forward and a general optimization method is proposed. The key data on assembly line balancing problem is confirmed, and the precedence relations diagram is described. A double objective optimization model based on takt time and smoothness index is built, and balance optimization scheme based on PSO algorithm is proposed. Through the simulation experiments of examples, the feasibility and validity of the assembly line balancing method based on PSO algorithm is proved.

Although DEM occupies an important basic position in spatial analysis, so far, the quality of DEM modeling has still not reached a satisfactory accuracy. This research mainly discusses the influence of interpolation parameters in the inverse distance-weighted interpolation algorithm on the DEM interpolation error. The interpolation parameters to be studied in this paper are the number of search points, the search direction, and the smoothness factor. In order to study the optimization of IDW parameters, the parameters that have uncertain effects on DEM interpolation are found through analysis, such as the number of search points and smoothing factor. This paper designs an experiment for the optimization of the interpolation parameters of the polyhedral function and finds the optimal interpolation parameters through experimental analysis. Of course, the “optimum” here is not the only one, but refers to different terrain areas, which makes the interpolation results relatively good. The selection of search points will be one of the research focuses of this article. After determining the interpolation algorithm, the kernel function is also one of the important factors that affect the accuracy of DEM. The value of the smoothing factor in the kernel function has always been the focus of DEM interpolation research. Different terrains, different interpolations, and functions will have different optimal smoothing factors. The search direction is to ensure that the sampling points are distributed in all directions when the sampling points are sparse and to improve the contribution rate of the sampling points to the interpolation points. The selection of search shape is to improve computing efficiency and has no effect on DEM accuracy; the search radius is mainly controlled by the number of search points, and there are two methods: adaptive search radius and variable length search radius. When the weight coefficient k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , the number of sampling points involved in the interpolation calculation is different, and the error in the residual varies greatly, and both increase with the increase of the number of sampling points in the parameter interpolation calculation. This research will help improve the quality evaluation of DEM.