The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that forest bathing would be beneficial for elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as an adjunctive therapy. Two groups of participants with CHF were simultaneously sent to the forest or an urban control area for a four-day trip, respectively. Subjects exposed to the forest site showed a significant reduction of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in comparison to that of the city group and their own baseline levels. The values for the cardiovascular disease related pathological factors, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), and constituents of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II (ANGII), and ANGII receptor type 1 or 2 (AT1 or AT2) in subjects exposed to the forest environment were lower than those in the urban control group. Obviously, a decreased level of inflammatory cytokines and improved antioxidant function was observed in the forest group rather than in the city group. The assessment of the profile of mood states (POMS) indicated that the negative emotional mood state was alleviated after forest bathing. As anticipated, a better air quality in the forest site was observed according to the detection of PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm) and negative ions. These results provided direct evidence that forest bathing has a beneficial effect on CHF patients, and thus may pave the way for potential development of forest bathing as an effective adjunctive therapy on cardiovascular disorders.

LBC have a relatively higher level of social anxiety and poorer living conditions than non-LBC, and there are differences in social anxiety, and its relevant factors, between the two groups.

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Objectives: Increasing evidence demonstrates the benefits of forest environment on human health. However, the effect of tree-species-specific forest environment on human health was rarely studied. As one of the medical plants, cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) have been found to possess anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the present study explored the effects of C. camphora forest environment on elderly patients with hypertension (HTN). Study design: Cohort study. Methods: 31 elderly patients with essential HTN were randomly divided into two groups. Blood pressure (BP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2%), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and levels of plasma high-sensitive-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as well as profile of mood states (POMS) test, were measured. Categorical variables were compared by Chi-square analysis. T-test was used to compare continuous data. Results: After three-day/ two-night forest bathing, patients in the forest group showed significantly lower levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low frequency (LF), the ratio of low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF) and hs-CRP than in control group. However, levels of SpO2% and high frequency (HF) were greatly higher than control group. Furthermore, negative mood subscale scores of POMS were significantly lower following forest bathing, while the positive score was much higher. Conclusions: C. Camphora environment could significantly decrease the DBP and inflammatory level, balance the autonomic activity and improve the mood state of participates, implying it might be an adjunctive therapy for HTN patients.

Background: Neurofilament light (NfL) level was obviously increased in traumatic brain injury (TBI) individuals. But, no comprehensive meta-analysis has ever been conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of NfL. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between NfL level and TBI through a meta-analysis. Methods: Studies were selected from Pubmed, Web of science, Embase, Google Scholar, PMC and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) through inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effect model or fixed-effect model to assess the association between NfL level and TBI. Subgroup analysis according to sample collection time, sample type and detection method was performed. The influence analysis and publication bias was also conducted. All analyses were performed using the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12 software. Results: A total of 9 studies were included. Results indicated that TBI individuals had a higher NfL expression level compared with the non-TBI individuals (SMD = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.52–3.43, I 2 = 96%, P < .01). Similar NfL increasing was also observed in Caucasian population, 0–48 hour and 6–10 days sample collection time, as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, plasma sample subgroup analysis. Moreover, the NfL increasing still existed no matter the NfL expression level was detected by ELISA or Simoa assay. Conclusion: NfL expression level was increased in TBI individuals, which indicated that NfL could be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of TBI and other neurodegenerative diseases.