Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide–templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)–cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die–printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively.
Summary: A superhydrophobic coating was facilely fabricated in one step by casting bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) solution under moisture. Vapor‐induced phase separation occurred during the solidifying process and a rough surface with a micro‐nano‐binary structure (MNBS) similar to the microstructure shown on lotus leaf was formed.SEM image of a single micro‐flower.magnified imageSEM image of a single micro‐flower.
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