Lead halide–templated crystallization of methylamine-free perovskite for efficient photovoltaic modules

Abstract

Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide–templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)–cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die–printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively.

Inverted perovskite/silicon V-shaped tandem solar cells with 27.6% efficiency via self-assembled monolayer-modified nickel oxide layer

“…11) to 25.5%. 2 In addition to the remarkable PCE, the breakthroughs in up-scaling efficient perovskite layers 12 and promoting device stability 13 are advancing PSCs and perovskite-based tandem cells towards commercialization.…”

Facet Orientation and Intermediate Phase Regulation via a Green Antisolvent for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[26] A pure and stable intermediate phase is typically favorable to the formation of superior perovskite films. [20,[37][38][39] The stable growth process leads to superior crystallinity including fewer horizontal grain boundaries, larger grain size, and consistent orientation, which have been evidenced by our previous XRD, SEM, and TEM characterizations. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5a, the δ-perovskite phase is significantly suppressed and almost disappears by IBA treatment compared with CBÀperovskite.…”

“…This is extremely important in the fabrication of the high-quality FAPbI 3 -based perovskite film as the direct formation of α-phase without transition from δ-perovskite could lead to excellent crystallinity and improved device performance. [37,38] Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectra were utilized to further reveal the underlying mechanism of different crystal orientations and qualities. The FTIR of pure solvent DMSO and powder obtained by centrifuging the supernatant of the mixture of precursor and excess antisolvent was first compared (Figure 5b).…”

Metal halide perovskite solar cells by modified chemical vapor deposition

“…61,63 With reduced vacuum deposition time, the cells (15.1% for 0.1 cm 2 ) and modules (12.3% for 22.4 cm 2 designated area) efficiencies both increased, although still are not comparable with the solution processed devices yet. 17,64…”