To build piezoceramics with high transduction coefficient (d 33 × g 33 ) is the key to improve the power generation capability of piezoelectric energy harvester. Here, a new targeted doping strategy has been proposed to significantly increase the energy density of piezoceramics. Taking the modification of 0.2Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/ 3 )O 3 -0.8Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 (PZN-PZT) as an example, dual functions can be achieved by introducing appropriate amount of target-doped (Zn 0.1 Ni 0.9 )TiO 3 (ZTN9) based on its pyrolysis characteristics. On the one hand, Ni 2+ ions enter the perovskite matrix to replace Zn 2+ ions to form equivalent doping; on the other hand, it induces the formation of 0-3 ZnO/perovskite composite structure, and both of which promote the large increase in d 33 × g 33 due to the changes in the domain configuration are more conducive to the ferro-/piezoelectricity. In all compositions, 0.67 mol% ZTN9 added specimen has a maximum value (12 433 × 10 −15 m 2 /N) of the d 33 × g 33 . The cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester fabricated with this material generates up to 4.50 μW/mm 3 of power density at 1 g acceleration, which is capable of quickly charging a 47 μF electrolytic capacitor and then lit 135 parallel-connected commercial blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), showing its important application in implementing self-powered microsensors.
One of the key challenges in the development of high‐temperature energy harvesting (HTEH) technology is to clarify the relationship between temperature‐dependent material parameters and device power generation capabilities. However, at present, the research on temperature stability of piezoceramics mainly relies on thermal annealing technology, which cannot follow the actual temperature dependence of the piezoelectricity, and it is even more difficult to predict the temperature stability of HTEH. To shed light on this field, here, (1−x)BiScO3–xPbTiO3 system was chosen for building HTEH material, and the temperature‐dependent electrical parameters, such as d33, εr, and g33, have been measured by multiple in situ techniques. It was found that the synergistic effect of d33 and εr with temperature helps to obtain a stable g33 value in a wide temperature range. Moreover, in the mode of the cantilever‐type energy harvester, a stable output voltage was obtained at x = 0.64 harvester with <20% change over a broad temperature range of 100‐250°C, and it was verified that the temperature stability of g33 is crucial to the operation stability of HTEH devices.
The freeze-casted 2-2 type piezocomposite has an ultrahigh transduction coefficient of 58 213 × 10−15 m2 N−1, which is significantly better than those of previously reported composite materials.
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