Targeted doping builds a high energy density composite piezoceramics for energy harvesting

Abstract

To build piezoceramics with high transduction coefficient (d 33 × g 33 ) is the key to improve the power generation capability of piezoelectric energy harvester. Here, a new targeted doping strategy has been proposed to significantly increase the energy density of piezoceramics. Taking the modification of 0.2Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/ 3 )O 3 -0.8Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 (PZN-PZT) as an example, dual functions can be achieved by introducing appropriate amount of target-doped (Zn 0.1 Ni 0.9 )TiO 3 (ZTN9) based on its pyrolysis characteristics. On the one hand, Ni 2+ ions enter the perovskite matrix to replace Zn 2+ ions to form equivalent doping; on the other hand, it induces the formation of 0-3 ZnO/perovskite composite structure, and both of which promote the large increase in d 33 × g 33 due to the changes in the domain configuration are more conducive to the ferro-/piezoelectricity. In all compositions, 0.67 mol% ZTN9 added specimen has a maximum value (12 433 × 10 −15 m 2 /N) of the d 33 × g 33 . The cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester fabricated with this material generates up to 4.50 μW/mm 3 of power density at 1 g acceleration, which is capable of quickly charging a 47 μF electrolytic capacitor and then lit 135 parallel-connected commercial blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), showing its important application in implementing self-powered microsensors.

Thermally stable high strain and piezoelectric characteristics of (Li, Na, K)(Nb, Sb)O3‐CaZrO3 ceramics for piezo actuators

“…15 Therefore, many studies have been carried out to synthesize novel NKN-based piezoelectric ceramics with the rhombohedral-tetragonal PPB structure. [16][17][18][19][20] Furthermore, NKN-based materials with the orthorhombic-tetragonal PPB structure exhibited high d 33 values (300-450 pC/N). [21][22][23][24] An orthorhombic NKN-based material also displayed excellent piezoelectric properties (d 33 of 512 pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor (k p ) of 0.54).…”

“…[21][22][23][24] An orthorhombic NKN-based material also displayed excellent piezoelectric properties (d 33 of 512 pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor (k p ) of 0.54). 25 The d 33 value is calculated using the following equation: d 33 = 2 × Q 11 × ε T 33 × P r , where P r is the remnant polarization and Q 11 is the electrostriction coefficient. In general, as Q 11 is constant, the d 33 value is proportional to ε T 33 × P r .…”

“…25 The d 33 value is calculated using the following equation: d 33 = 2 × Q 11 × ε T 33 × P r , where P r is the remnant polarization and Q 11 is the electrostriction coefficient. In general, as Q 11 is constant, the d 33 value is proportional to ε T 33 × P r . [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Moreover, k p is proportional to d 33 × g 33 , where g 33 is a piezoelectric voltage constant.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Moreover, k p is proportional to d 33 × g 33 , where g 33 is a piezoelectric voltage constant. Therefore, a specimen with large P r and ε T 33 values could exhibit large d 33 and k p values. NKN materials have a pseudocubic structure near the T C , revealing that the pseudocubic specimen could display a high ε T 33 .…”

“…[34][35][36][37] In general, the P r value of a specimen with a PPB structure is large because two structures coexist in this specimen. Therefore, it is considered that a specimen having a pseudocubic-based PPB structure could reveal large d 33 and k p values. Recently, specimens with orthorhombicpseudocubic PPB and tetragonal-pseudocubic structures were reported to display high piezoelectric properties.…”