ABSTRACT56 VOCs were monitored for a whole year in a refinery vicinity area in suburban of Jinan, as well as PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and ozone. The results of VOCs and particulate matters showed that January was the most polluted month during the sampling period, possibly resulting from coal burning in the district heating period of Jinan. According to the concentration profiles of monthly variety of the ambient pollutants, the change of VOCs showed a certain extent of positive correlation with PM 2.5 and PM 10 , while negative correlation with ozone. It was found that the average concentration of total VOCs was 50.58 µg m -3 while ethane and ethene were the most abundant VOC species with the concentrations of 24.58 and 3.94 µg m -3 , respectively. The high relative contribution of ethane was unusual, compared with the previous related VOC research in urban area of same city or other cities in China. Based on the analysis of the monitoring data, this area was not majorly affected by major VOCs pollutants from refinery emission. m & p-Xylene of 1.34 µg m -3 was the most abundant pollutant of BTEX. The BTEX ratio analysis presented that traffic exhaust was not the major VOCs source.

Laiwu, China, and PM 2.5 filters were manually sampled for total 34 days at the same sites in four seasons in 2016. PM pollution sources, including soil dust, urban dust, construction dust, coal-fired power plants dust, steel plant dust and motor vehicle exhaust dust were sampled, respectively. The overall mean pM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio (0.57) in Laiwu was at a relatively lower level compared with that in other Chinese cities, which was higher in winter, indicating fine particulate was the main contributor of atmospheric pollution in this period. NH 4 + mainly existed in the form of NH 4 no 3 and (NH 4) 2 So 4 during the sampling periods. Higher sulfate and NH 4 + concentrations were in summer while higher nitrate concentrations prevailed in winter. The annual value of OC/EC was (5.38 ± 1.70), higher in summer and lower in winter, and the calculated SOC/OC value (%) was (43.68 ± 12.98)%. The characteristic components were Si, Fe and Ca in urban dust and soil dust; Ca, Mg, and NH 4 + in construction dust; fe, ca and So 4 2− in steel dust; OC, EC and Si in motor vehicle exhaust dust; SO 4 2− , Al and NH 4 + in power plant dust. Compared with other cities at home and abroad, it was found that the concentrations of metal elements in Laiwu were significantly higher than those in foreign cities, and at a medium level in China. With the improved CRAESCMB model, the urban dust was regarded as the receptor and the source of PM 2.5 and apportioned its secondary sources contributions to pM 2.5. The CMB results showed the contributions of secondary sources including sulfate (17%), nitrate (17%) and SOC (13%) to PM 2.5 accounted for nearly half of all sources. Therefore, more attentions should be paid on secondary sources from the primary emission sources of the motor vehicle exhaust, coal combustion sources especially.