Chemical Compositions and Sources Contribution of Atmospheric Particles at a Typical Steel Industrial Urban Site

Abstract

Laiwu, China, and PM 2.5 filters were manually sampled for total 34 days at the same sites in four seasons in 2016. PM pollution sources, including soil dust, urban dust, construction dust, coal-fired power plants dust, steel plant dust and motor vehicle exhaust dust were sampled, respectively. The overall mean pM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio (0.57) in Laiwu was at a relatively lower level compared with that in other Chinese cities, which was higher in winter, indicating fine particulate was the main contributor of atmospheric pollution in this period. NH 4 + mainly existed in the form of NH 4 no 3 and (NH 4) 2 So 4 during the sampling periods. Higher sulfate and NH 4 + concentrations were in summer while higher nitrate concentrations prevailed in winter. The annual value of OC/EC was (5.38 ± 1.70), higher in summer and lower in winter, and the calculated SOC/OC value (%) was (43.68 ± 12.98)%. The characteristic components were Si, Fe and Ca in urban dust and soil dust; Ca, Mg, and NH 4 + in construction dust; fe, ca and So 4 2− in steel dust; OC, EC and Si in motor vehicle exhaust dust; SO 4 2− , Al and NH 4 + in power plant dust. Compared with other cities at home and abroad, it was found that the concentrations of metal elements in Laiwu were significantly higher than those in foreign cities, and at a medium level in China. With the improved CRAESCMB model, the urban dust was regarded as the receptor and the source of PM 2.5 and apportioned its secondary sources contributions to pM 2.5. The CMB results showed the contributions of secondary sources including sulfate (17%), nitrate (17%) and SOC (13%) to PM 2.5 accounted for nearly half of all sources. Therefore, more attentions should be paid on secondary sources from the primary emission sources of the motor vehicle exhaust, coal combustion sources especially.

Analysis and Sources Identification of Atmospheric PM10 and Its Cation and Anion Contents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

“…F − , B − , and Cl − enter the atmosphere from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include soil dust, marine aerosols, and volcanic eruptions, whereas the main anthropogenic source is biomass burning [42]. Seawater has Na and Cl in a ratio of 0.56, approximately [44,45], whereas the average ratio of Na and Cl in PM 10 samples analysed in this study in Makkah was 1.47.…”

“…Ca 2− and Mg 2− are good markers for crustal dust and can be found in mineral dust, windblown dust, construction and demolition dust, and the resuspension of dust particles [23,47]. Zhang et al [42] collected PM 10 samples from soil dust, urban dust, construction dust, coalfired power plants dust, and steel plant dust were sampled. The characteristic components in their samples were Fe and Ca in urban dust and soil dust, Ca and Mg in construction dust, Fe, Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− in steel dust, and SO 4 2− and Ca in power plants dust.…”

Environmentally Friendly Methylcellulose Blend Binder for Hydrophobic Dust Control

“…In active strategies, dust suppressants are commonly utilized to directly prevent pollution from the dust source by either absorbing water from the surroundings or forming a protection layer on the surface that releases dust particles. , Frequently utilized passive strategies include various types of filtration membranes that remove pollutants from contaminated air. − These approaches are effective at mitigating hydrophilic dust (e.g., soil particles) but are less effective at handling hydrophobic dust. Hydrophobic dust is considerably deleterious and can cause carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. − To control hydrophobic dust, surfactants have been often used with existing water-based dust mitigation technologies to reduce the surface tension of solutions below a threshold that allows for wetting otherwise immiscible hydrophobic substances. − However, the use of conventional surfactants may pose other environmental and public health risks.…”

Modeling and Predicting Spatio-temporal Dynamics of PM$_{2.5}$ Concentrations Through Time-evolving Covariance Models

“…In consequence, PM 2.5 has been a focal topic in numerous air quality control oriented research where it has been studied for its chemical composition (Ye et al, 2003;Cheng et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2020), risk assessment (de Oliveira et al, 2012;Amoatey et al, 2018), statistical modeling and prediction (Kibria et al, 2002;Sahu et al, 2006;, etc. PM 2.5 is closely connected to the meteorology (Sheehan and Bowman, 2001;Dawson et al, 2007;Tai et al, 2010), which causes the seasonality or other timevarying factors to have a strong influence on it.…”