PTSD occurs in a significant percentage of subjects who recover from SARS, and the occurrence of PTSD predicts persistent psychological distress and diminished social functioning in the 4 years after SARS treatment.

Objective: To estimate the burden of osteoarthritis (OA) among noninstitutionalized adults (!18 years of age) in the US. Design: Weighted nationally representative data from the 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used to estimate OA prevalence in noninstitutionalized adults and compare adults with OA to those without OA for clinical (pain interference with activities [PIA], functional limitations), humanistic (health-related quality-of-life [HRQoL]) and economic outcomes (healthcare costs, wage loss). Productivity/wage loss was estimated among employed working-age adults (18e64 years). Multivariable regression analyses examined the associations between OA and outcomes. Results: In 2015, 10.5% (25.6 million) of noninstitutionalized US adults reported having any OA. Regression analyses indicated that adults with OA were significantly more likely than those without OA to report moderate (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65e2.40] or severe PIA (AOR 2.59; 95% CI 2.21e3.04), any functional limitation (AOR 2.51; 95% CI 2.21e2.85), and poorer HRQoL on the SF-12 version 2 Physical Component Summary score (adjusted beta [standard error] À3.88

Introduction Arthritis and depression are two of the top disabling conditions. When arthritis and depression exist in the same individual, they can interact with each other negatively and pose a significant healthcare burden on the patients, their families, payers, healthcare systems, and society as a whole. Areas covered The primary objective of this review is to summarize, identify knowledge gaps and discuss the challenges in estimating the healthcare burden of depression among individuals with arthritis. Electronic literature searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, EBSCOhost, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies. Expert Commentary Our review revealed that the prevalence of depression varied depending on the definition of depression, type of arthritis, tools and threshold points used to identify depression, and the country of residence. Depression exacerbated arthritis-related complications as well as pain and was associated with poor health-related quality of life, disability, mortality, and high financial burden. There were significant knowledge gaps in estimates of incident depression rates, depression attributable disability, and healthcare utilization, direct and indirect healthcare costs among individuals with arthritis.

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