Abstract. Detection and learning based appearance feature play the central role in data association based multiple object tracking (MOT), but most recent MOT works usually ignore them and only focus on the hand-crafted feature and association algorithms. In this paper, we explore the high-performance detection and deep learning based appearance feature, and show that they lead to significantly better MOT results in both online and offline setting. We make our detection and appearance feature publicly available 1 . In the following part, we first summarize the detection and appearance feature, and then introduce our tracker named Person of Interest (POI), which has both online and offline version 2 . DetectionIn data association based MOT, the tracking performance is heavily affected by the detection results. We implement our detector based on Faster R-CNN [14]. In our implementation, the CNN model is fine-tuned from the VGG-16 on ImageNet. In considering the definition of MOTA in MOT16 [12], the sum of false negatives (FN) and false positives (FP) poses a large impact on the value of MOTA. In Table 1, we show that our detection optimization strategies lead to the significant decrease in the sum of FP and FN 3 .1 https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5ACiy41McAHMjczS2p0dFg3emM 2 We use POI to denote our online tracker and KDNT to denote our offline tracker in submission. 3 We use detection score threshold 0.3 for Faster R-CNN and -1 for DPMv5 , labeling the ID of detection box with incremental integer, and evaluate FP and FN with MOT16 devkit.

High molecular weight cyclic K K-1,4-glucan (referred to as cycloamylose) exhibited an artificial chaperone property toward three enzymes in different categories. The inclusion properties of cycloamylose effectively accommodated detergents, which keep the chemically denatured enzymes from aggregation, and promoted proper protein folding. Chemically denatured citrate synthase was refolded and completely recovered it's enzymatic activity after dilution with polyoxyethylenesorbitan buffer followed by cycloamylose treatment. The refolding was completed within 2 h, and the activity of the refolded citrate synthase was quite stable. Cycloamylose also promoted the refolding of denatured carbonic anhydrase B and denatured lysozyme of a reduced form. ß

The solubilities of imidacloprid in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone, dichloromethane, 1,2dichloroethane, and trichloromethane were measured at temperatures from (293.15 to 353.15) K by a synthetic method at atmospheric pressure. The solubilities were correlated by the λh model, in which new parameters were introduced to express the activity coefficients of imidacloprid, determined from the experimental data. The experimental data were also correlated with the Apelblat equation.

BackgroundThe artificial enlargement of the planting area and ecological amplitude of ornamentals for horticultural and landscape applications are significant. Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a world-famous ornamental with attractive and fragrant flowers and is mainly planted in temperate and cool areas. Comparatively higher winter temperatures in the subtropical and tropical Northern Hemisphere result in a deficit of chilling accumulation for bud dormancy release, which severely hinders “The southward plantation of herbaceous peony”. Studies on the dormancy, chilling requirement (CR) and relevant molecular mechanisms of peony are needed to enhance our ability to extend the range of this valuable horticultural species.ResultsBased on natural and artificial chilling experiments, and chilling hour (CH) and chilling unit (CU) evaluation systems, the lowest CR of ‘Hang Baishao’ was between 504.00 and 672.00 CHs and the optimal CR was 672.00 CHs and 856.08 CUs for achieving strong sprouting, growth and flowering performance. Transcriptome sequencing and gene identification by RNA-Seq were performed on ‘Hang Baishao’ buds during the dormancy and sprouting periods. Six gene libraries were constructed, and 66 temperature- and photoperiod-associated unigenes were identified as the potential candidate genes that may regulate or possibly determine CR characteristics. The difference in the expression patterns of SUPPRESSPOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) between the winters of 2012–2013 and 2015–2016, and the difference of CR fulfillment periods also between these two winters represented the interesting congruent relationships. This correlation was also observed for WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 33 (WRKY 33).ConclusionsCombined with the results acquired from all of experiments, ‘Hang Baishao’ was confirmed to be a superb peony resource that have significantly low CR characteristics. The two genes of SOC1 and WRKY33 are likely involved in determining the CR amount and fulfillment period of ‘Hang Baishao’. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN, OSMOTIN and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 also deserve attention for the CR research. This study could contribute to the knowledge of the deep factors and mechanisms that regulate CR characteristics, and may be beneficial for breeding new germplasms that have low CRs for landscape or horticulture applications in subtropical regions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1205-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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