The tutorial review summarizes the recent research advances in the field of bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) with a focus on the application in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

Interventions: Anesthetic management and infection control guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were drafted and applied in 4 hospitals in Wuhan. Measurements and Main Results: Cross-infection in the operating rooms of the 4 hospitals was effectively reduced by implementing the new measures and procedures. The majority of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection or suspected infection were female (23 [62%] of 37), and the mean age was 41.0 years old (standard deviation 19.6; range 4-78). 10 (27%) patients had chronic medical illnesses, including 4 (11%) with diabetes, 8 (22%) with hypertension, and 8 (22%) with digestive system disease. Twenty-five (68%) patients presented with lymphopenia, and 23 (62%) patients exhibited multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on computed tomography scanning. Conclusions: The present study indicates that COVID 19Àspecific guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV may effectively prevent cross-infection in the operating room. Most patients with confirmed or suspected COVID 19 presented with fever and dry cough and demonstrated bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography scans. Ó 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

BackgroundExosomes are small vesicles containing a wide range of functional proteins, mRNA and miRNA. Exosomal miRNAs from cancer cells play crucial roles in mediating cell-cell communication and tumor-microenvironment cross talk, specifically in enabling metastasis and promoting angiogenesis. We focused on miR-9 that was identified as a tumor suppressor previously in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis.MethodsDifferential centrifugation, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to isolate and identify exosomes. Quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis were used to detect miR-9, pri-miR-9, CD63, TSG101, MDK, P70S6K P-Ser424 and PDK1 P-Ser241 expression. Laser confocal microscopy was used to trace exosomal miR-9 secreted by NPC cells into HUVECs. The effect of exosomal miR-9 on cell migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vivo and vitro was assessed by using migration assay, tube formation assay and matrigel plug assay, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to confirm the binding of exosomal miR-9 to the 3′untranslated region (3′-UTR) of MDK, while Phosphorylation Array was performed to identify AKT Pathway in HUVECs treated with exosomal miR-9. Furthermore, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to detected miR-9, CD31 and MDK expression in human NPC tumor samples.ResultsNPC cells transfected with miR-9-overexpressing lentivirus, released miR-9 in exosomes. Exosomal miR-9 directly suppressed its target gene - MDK in endothelial cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that exosomal miR-9 from NPC cells inhibited endothelial tube formation and migration by targeting MDK and regulating PDK/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, the level of MDK was upregulated in NPC tumor samples and was positively correlated with microvessel density. Notably, the level of exosomal miR-9 was positively correlated with overall survival, and MDK overexpression was positively associated with poor prognosis in NPC patients, suggesting the clinical relevance and prognostic value of exosomal miR-9 and MDK.ConclusionsTaken together, our data identify an extracellular anti-angiogenic role for tumor-derived, exosome-associated miR-9 in NPC tumorigenesis and prompt further investigation into exosome-based therapies for cancer treatment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0814-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MicroRNA deregulation and pathway alterations have been implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive and metastatic cancer widely prevalent in Southern China. In this study, we report that miR-9 is commonly downregulated in NPC specimens and NPC cell lines with important functional consequences. The reduced expression of miR-9 was inversely correlated with clinical stages and marked the progression from locoregional to metastatic tumors. The CpG island hypermethylation contributed to miR-9 silencing in NPC cell lines and tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-9 dramatically inhibited the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that miR-9 strongly reduced the expression of CXCR4 in NPC cells. Luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-9 could directly bind to the 3' untranslated region of CXCR4. Similar to the restoring miR-9 expression, CXCR4 downregulation inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion, whereas CXCR4 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-9. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCR4 functionally mediated the SDF-1-stimulated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in NPC cells with miR-9 downregulation or CXCR4 overexpression. In clinical specimens, CXCR4 and phospho-p38 were widely overexpressed, and the levels increased with the progression from locoregional to metastatic tumors in NPC tissues. The levels of CXCR4 were inversely correlated with miR-9 or phospho-p38 expression. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-9 functions as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in NPC, and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing CXCR4 expression.

Highlights CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells produce higher levels of HBV-specific IFN-c and IL-21 than CXCR5 À CD8 + T cells. CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells retain functional capacity in inhibiting HBV replication and supporting B cell antibody production. PD1 blockade and exogenous IL-21 enhance production of IFN-c from CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells. High expression of intrahepatic CXCL13 facilitates CXCR5 +-CD8 + T cell recruitment and promotes immune control of HBV.

All the three therapies may improve the cognitive function of MCI patients. The therapeutic effects in the scalp electroacupuncture and syndrome differentiation groups were basically the same, but superior to nimodipine.

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