This study examined teachers’ perceptions of their jobs and teacher turnover through an analysis of data from the National Center for Education Statistics Schools and Staffing Survey and Teacher Follow-Up Survey. Our analysis suggests that student discipline problems were a major reason for teachers’ dissatisfaction with their jobs, second only to low compensation. Private school teachers generally encountered fewer student discipline problems and perceived their professional lives more favorably than public school teachers, although private schools usually offer lower salaries than public schools. Minority teachers were less satisfied with work conditions and student discipline problems than nonminority teachers. These findings imply policy changes for teacher retention.
The width of the confidence interval for mean difference can be viewed as a random variable. Overlooking its stochastic nature may lead to a serious underestimate of the sample size required to obtain an adequate probability of achieving the desired width for the confidence interval. The probability of achieving a certain width can either be an unconditional probability or a conditional probability given that the confidence interval includes the true parameter. We reconciled the difference between the unconditional and conditional probabilities by deriving the lower bound of the conditional probability. Additionally, we used the harmonic mean to determine unequal sample sizes for the confidence intervals for the two-mean comparison and multiple-mean comparisons.
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