Hydrogen gas can mitigate oxidative stress in many diseases and is regarded to be safe and free of side effects. Inspired by a metalloenzyme in a variety of microorganisms, here, we propose a photoactivated H 2 nanogenerator that comprises a fluorinated chitosan (FCS), a chemotherapeutic drug (gemcitabine, GEM), and a catalyst of H 2 production ([FeFe]TPP) that can form self-assembled [FeFe]TPP/GEM/ FCS nanoparticles (NPs). The [FeFe]TPP/GEM/FCS NPs exhibit excellent transmucosal and tumor cell penetration capacities after intravesical instillation into the bladder and can efficiently produce H 2 gas in situ upon 660 nm laser irradiation, which significantly enhances the efficacy of hydrogen chemotherapy of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we discover that H 2 gas in hydrogen chemotherapy can inhibit mitochondrial function, hinder ATP synthesis, and cause a reduction of the P-gp efflux pump function, which finally attenuates P-gp protein drug transport capacity in cancer cells. This photoactivated H 2 evolution in situ to improve the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy of bladder cancer may present an effective hydrogen chemotherapy strategy for cancer treatment.
We report a strategy to synthesize self-healing hydrogels via exploiting endothermic interactions between polyelectrolytes. Natural polysaccharides and their derivatives were used to form reversible polyelectrolyte complexes by selecting appropriately charged chemical groups and counterions. This simple and effective method to fabricate self-healing hydrogels will find applications in diverse fields such as surface coating and 3D printing.
Although, previous studies show overwhelming evidence that loneliness is negatively correlated with prosocial behavior, some theories and research have implied that under certain situations, loneliness plays a positive role in an individual's social functioning. The two studies reported in this article examined loneliness and its associations with prosocial behavior in Chinese adults using subjective reporting and experimental design. Study 1 examined 305 Chinese adults (175 males) using the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults and the Prosocial Tendencies Measure to evaluate their loneliness and prosocial tendencies. The results showed that loneliness was negatively associated with all prosocial tendencies except the public prosocial tendency. Study 2 examined 177 Chinese adults (61 males) using an experimental design and found that only lonely women in public situations expressed a greater willingness to help. The results also suggest that loneliness may play a positive role in the social functioning of individuals under certain conditions. The function of loneliness and the implications of the association between loneliness and prosocial behavior are discussed.
Background
For a long time, breast cancer has been a leading cancer diagnosed in women worldwide, and approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis. For this reason, finding new biomarkers related to metastasis is an urgent task to predict the metastatic status of breast cancer and provide new therapeutic targets.
Methods
In this research, an efficient model of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) optimized by a grid search algorithm is established to realize auxiliary identification of metastatic breast tumors based on gene expression. Estimated by ten-fold cross-validation, the optimized XGBoost classifier can achieve an overall higher mean AUC of 0.82 compared to other classifiers such as DT, SVM, KNN, LR, and RF.
Results
A novel 6-gene signature (SQSTM1, GDF9, LINC01125, PTGS2, GVINP1, and TMEM64) was selected by feature importance ranking and a series of in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the potential role of each biomarker. In general, the effects of SQSTM in tumor cells are assigned as a risk factor, while the effects of the other 5 genes (GDF9, LINC01125, PTGS2, GVINP1, and TMEM64) in immune cells are assigned as protective factors.
Conclusions
Our findings will allow for a more accurate prediction of the metastatic status of breast cancer and will benefit the mining of breast cancer metastasis-related biomarkers.
Background
Glioma is a common type of malignant brain tumor with a high mortality and relapse rate. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clarified.
Methods
Bioinformatics was used to screen the ESCRT subunits highly expressed in glioma tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The function of the ESCRT subunits in glioma cells was examined in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing analyzed the target genes and signaling pathways affected by the ESCRT subunit. Finally, the relationship between m6A (N6-methyladenosine) modification and high expression of the ESCRT subunit was studied.
Results
VPS25 was upregulated in glioma tissues, which was correlated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Furthermore, VPS25 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, blocked the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis in glioma cells. Meanwhile, VPS25 induced a G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle in glioma cells by directly mediating p21, CDK2, and cyclin E expression, and JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation. Finally, YTHDC1 inhibited glioma proliferation by reducing the expression of VPS25.
Conclusion
These results suggest that VPS25 is a promising prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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