Does Loneliness Necessarily Lead to a Decrease in Prosocial Behavior? The Roles of Gender and Situation

Huang, Heqing; Liu, Xiaocen

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01388

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Male LBAs scored significantly lower on pro-social tendency than did females. Accumulating researches have demonstrated that males and females exhibit different methods of mental processing (Haferkamp et al, 2012; Gohier et al, 2013) and have found gender differences in social functioning (Huang et al, 2016). Seemingly, an unacceptable social environment could elicit opposite behaviors from females and males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Pro-social Tendency of Left-Behind Adolescents in China: How Family Function and Self-Esteem Affect Pro-social Tendencies

Gao

Yao

Yao³

et al. 2019

Front. Psychol.

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In China, adolescents are frequently left behind. To date, few studies have focused on the pro-social tendencies of left-behind adolescents and the relationship of family function, self-esteem, and pro-social tendency is yet to be examined. This study, therefore, aims to understand the status of pro-social tendency of left-behind adolescents and to explore the mediating and moderating roles of self-esteem in the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency. A large, school-based survey was conducted in three Chinese provinces. An analysis of covariance was first used to identify the differences in pro-social tendency between adolescents who were and were not left behind. We then analyzed the variance within left-behind adolescents using demographics, left-behind type, years of being left-behind, and caregiver related characteristics. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship of family function, self-esteem, and pro-social tendency, with bootstrapping used to explore the mediating role of self-esteem. Additionally, an ordinary least squares regression was used to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem. The results showed that the pro-social tendency of left-behind adolescents was lower than in non-left-behind adolescents ( F = 15.11, p = 0.0001). Family function was positive related to pro-social tendency ( r = 0.259), which had not only a direct effect on pro-social tendency (β = 0.254), but also an indirect effect through self-esteem (β = 0.071, bias-corrected 95% CI: 0.051:0.090; percentile 95% CI: 0.053:0.092). Additionally, 21.85% of the total effect of family function on pro-social tendency was mediated by self-esteem. Furthermore, self-esteem negatively moderated the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency (β = -0.208, p < 0.0001), such that the effect of family function on pro-social tendency became weaker as self-esteem increased. The current study verified the negative effect of being left behind on the social development of adolescents and contributed to the understanding of the importance of self-esteem in the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem should be developed and implemented in left-behind adolescents to promote wellness in the entirety of psychological and social outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Pro-social Tendency of Left-Behind Adolescents in China: How Family Function and Self-Esteem Affect Pro-social Tendencies

Gao

Yao

Yao³

et al. 2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…Loneliness and social isolation is also a risk factor for mortality (Holt-Lunstad et al, 2015;Rico-Uribe et al, 2016) and is related with physical illnesses, such as diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and many others (Mushtaq et al, 2014). Loneliness is also negatively related to prosocial tendencies (Huang et al, 2016) and influences the mental and physical quality of life (Gerino et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of the Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale

2020

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The aim of the research was the development of a new scale for measuring the satisfaction of relational needs. In the first study, we developed 269 items based on Erskine's description of eight relational needs. Five experts evaluated the items, and then they were pilot-tested on a sample of 221 participants. Using principal component analysis, we found five components related to five relational needs: authenticity, support and protection, having an impact, shared experience, and initiative from the other. In the second study, the Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale was tested on a sample of 255 participants and further refined with the help of factor analysis. The final version of the scale consists of 20 items and measures overall relational needs satisfaction and the five dimensions of relational needs. The reliability of the overall score was excellent, while subscales had acceptable to good reliability. The relational needs satisfaction positively and significantly correlates with the secure attachment style, self-compassion, higher satisfaction with life, and better well-being. In the third study, we confirmed both the five-factor model and the hierarchical model on the sample of 354 participants. We proposed that the hierarchical model is more congruent with the theoretical model, as all five dimensions of relational needs are aspects of one general dimension of relational needs satisfaction. The scale can be used in both psychotherapy and counseling and research related to different fields of psychology.

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“…Cloninger et al 19 found that the effect of work family conflict on OCBs was stronger for females than males. Similarly, Huang et al 23 revealed a stronger negative effect of loneliness on prosocial behavior for females than males. Considering that women are more vulnerable to the impacts of poor relationships, 19,23 we argue that the effects of workplace loneliness on OCB via work engagement may be stronger for women than men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gender Differences in the Effect of Workplace Loneliness on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Mediated by Work Engagement

Tian¹,

Peng²,

Ren³

2021

PRBM

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Purpose: Drawing on the self-determination theory and the social role theory, the purpose of this study was to test the moderating role of gender and the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between workplace loneliness and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and more importantly, the integrated moderated mediation model. Methods: A total of 290 employees from various Chinese enterprises voluntarily participated in the two-wave surveys. Hierarchical regression and bootstrapping analyses based on Hayes' Process Model were conducted to test the hypotheses. Results: Results indicated that work engagement significantly mediates the association of workplace loneliness with OCBs. Gender serves as an important moderator in the relationship among workplace loneliness, work engagement, and OCBs that for female participants the indirect effect of work engagement linking workplace loneliness to OCBs was significant, but for male participants it was not. Conclusion:This study advances the current understandings of the moderated mediation mechanism among workplace loneliness, gender, work engagement, and OCBs. It is suggested that work engagement serves as a mediator linking workplace loneliness to OCBs, especially for the female employees.

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Does Loneliness Necessarily Lead to a Decrease in Prosocial Behavior? The Roles of Gender and Situation

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

The Status of Pro-social Tendency of Left-Behind Adolescents in China: How Family Function and Self-Esteem Affect Pro-social Tendencies

The Status of Pro-social Tendency of Left-Behind Adolescents in China: How Family Function and Self-Esteem Affect Pro-social Tendencies

Development and Validation of the Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale

Gender Differences in the Effect of Workplace Loneliness on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Mediated by Work Engagement

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