Traditional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) use FTO/ITO containing expensive rare elements as electrodes, which are difficult to meet the requirements of flexibility. A new type of flexible DSSC structure with all-metal electrodes without rare elements is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a light-receiving layer was prepared outside the metal photoanode with small holes to realize the continuous oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrolyte; Secondly, the processing technology of the porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) film was analyzed. By testing the J–V characteristics, it was found that the performance is better when the heating rate is slow. Finally, the effects of different electrode material combinations were compared through experiments. Our results imply that in the case of all stainless-steel electrodes, the open-circuit voltage can reach 0.73 V, and in the case of a titanium photoanode, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 3.86%.
The electrolyte is one of the key components of dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSC) structure. In this paper, the electrolyte formulation of a new DSSC with external photoanode structure was studied. Based on the idea that the electrolyte should match the light absorption and light path, iodine series electrolytes with different concentrations were configured and used in the experiment. The results showed that the external photoanode structure solar cells assembled with titanium electrode had the best photoelectric conversion ability when the concentration of I2 was 0.048 M. It achieved the open circuit voltage of 0.71 V, the short circuit current of 8.87 mA, and the filling factor of 57%.
neck of the balance between photoharvest PCE and average visible transmittance (AVT). Series of strategies have been proposed to improve the PCE and AVT, such as ternary strategy with ultranarrow bandgap materials as the third component, [13] adjusting the thickness of active layers to balance the AVT and PCE, [14] adjusting the weight ratio of donor to acceptor, [15] layer-by-layer strategy, [16] and so on. [17][18][19][20][21] Besides, optimizing morphology of active layer was another efficient strategy to improve performance. Song et al. reported BHJ OPVs with PCE of 18.01% by solvent annealing. ST-OPVs were fabricated with same strategy with PCE of 13.07% at AVT of 19.33%. [7] Although the performance of opaque devices is greatly improved, the corresponding strategies applied to translucent devices have not achieved good results. The key reason is that BHJ structure requires donor (D) and acceptor (A) keeping fixed ratio, for minor adjustment of D:A ratio will have a great impact on interpenetrating networks and result in low performance. Thus, with high visible absorbance polymer donor, it is hard to realize enhancement of AVT with slight PCE loss. Promotion of BHJ ST-OPVs has fallen into bottleneck.Recently, pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure shows great potential application in ST-OPVs. [22][23][24][25] Donor and acceptor have gradient distribution in PPHJ structure. It was proved that PPHJ structure ensures efficient dissociation and diffusion of excitons as well as charge transporting. [26,27] In theory, slight reduction of donor thickness will get higher AVT with slight PCE loss. Hao et al. reported sequential deposition (SD) processing PPHJ ST-OPVs with PCE of 12.22% and AVT of 22.2%. [25] Their research also proved that as thickness of the active layer reduced, PCE of PPHJ devices decrease slower than BHJ devices, which means that it is valid to optimize PPHJ devices by only optimizing donor. SD is the most common strategy to form PPHJ structure. Most researchers deposit acceptor on donor film, where donor and acceptor molecular diffuse together at the interface region to form conventional PPHJ structure. [28,29] To ensure valid molecular diffusion, the solvent of top layer should have proper solubility for bottom layer. SD process is strongly affected by many factors, such Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) have great application potential in photovoltaic buildings and wearable devices. Studies have proved that power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT) reveal more balanced in pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure than in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. An interesting approach named low temperature sequential deposition (LTSD)-spin-coating the small molecule acceptor (A) Y6 on polymer donor (D) PM6-is proposed to form an efficient PPHJ structure. In the LTSD process, small molecule Y6 will diffuse through amorphous PM6 layer which means that Y6 finally aggregates at the bottom of active layer and results in vertical gradient concentrat...
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