The antibacterial activity and acting mechanism of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were investigated in this study by analyzing the growth, permeability, and morphology of the bacterial cells following treatment with SNPs. The experimental results indicated 10 microg/ml SNPs could completely inhibit the growth of 10(7) cfu/ml E. coli cells in liquid Mueller-Hinton medium. Meanwhile, SNPs resulted in the leakage of reducing sugars and proteins and induced the respiratory chain dehydrogenases into inactive state, suggesting that SNPs were able to destroy the permeability of the bacterial membranes. When the cells of E. coli were exposed to 50 microg/ml SNPs, many pits and gaps were observed in bacterial cells by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the cell membrane was fragmentary, indicating the bacterial cells were damaged severely. After being exposed to 10 microg/ml SNPs, the membrane vesicles were dissolved and dispersed, and their membrane components became disorganized and scattered from their original ordered and close arrangement based on TEM observation. In conclusion, the combined results suggested that SNPs may damage the structure of bacterial cell membrane and depress the activity of some membranous enzymes, which cause E. coli bacteria to die eventually.

The antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P were investigated in this study. The experiment results showed the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Ag-NPs to S. aureus was 20 μg/ml. Moreover, when bacteria cells were exposed to 50 μg/ml Ag-NPs for 6 h, the cell DNA was condensed to a tension state and could have lost their replicating abilities. When S. aureus cells were exposed to 50 μg/ml Ag-NPs for 12 h, the cell wall was breakdown, resulting in the release of the cellular contents into the surrounding environments, and finally became collapsed. And Ag-NPs could reduce the enzymatic activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenase. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis showed that the expression abundance of some proteins was changed in the treated bacterial cell with Ag-NPs, formate acetyltransferase increased 5.3-fold in expression abundance, aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased 6.5-fold, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein decreased 6.2-fold, and recombinase A protein decreased 4.9-fold.

More judicious use of cephalosporins, especially 3rd-generation cephalosporins, may decrease ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteremia, and also improve patient outcome.

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