Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women. There are different risk characteristics and treatment strategies for different subtypes of BC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is of great significance for understanding the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors. The TME plays an important role in all stages of BC metastasis, immune monitoring, immune response avoidance, and drug resistance, and also plays an important role in the diagnosis, prevention, and prognosis of BC. Smart nanosystems have broad development prospect in the regulation of the BC drug delivery based on the response of the TME. In particular, TME-responsive nanoparticles cleverly utilize the abnormal features of BC tissues and cells to achieve targeted transport, stable release, and improved efficacy. We here present a review of the mechanisms underlying the response of the TME to BC to provide potential nanostrategies for future BC treatment.

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The use of electromagnetic relief valve with high pressure and large flow rate in hydraulic system is usually easy to bring vibration and noise issues, especially while water or high water based fluid (HWBF) is used as the fluid medium. In this paper, a HWBF electromagnetic relief valve with a cushion valve was presented and its simulation model was built based on AMESim software. Through simulation, it is found that the cushion valve can significantly reduce the peak pressure gradient of the electromagnetic relief valve during unloading process compared with that without a cushion valve. This research provides a new solution for solving the vibration and noise issues of a hydraulic system with electromagnetic relief valve.

Summary Based on the favorable neutronic performance, T/H (thermal‐hydraulic) characteristics and inherent safety of the lead‐cooled fast reactor (LFR), University of Science and Technology of China performed a preliminary design of the 1000Mth medium‐power modular lead‐cooled fast reactor M2LFR‐1000. To solve the core optimization problem of M2LFR‐1000, an automatic core design code named CODOPT (core design and optimization) was developed, considering geometry, neutronics and thermal‐hydraulics. CODOPT starts from setting a number of the core design schemes, then evaluates their key neutronic and T/H characteristics automatically and finally finds the design schemes satisfying the design constraints. Using this code, the sensitivity analysis of the key design parameters (fuel rod diameter, pitch diameter ratio, and inlet coolant velocity) is carried out. Under the neutronic and T/H design constraints, the optimization problem of the core has been studied using a multi‐objective function, which tries to find an optimal design with larger Keff, flatter power distribution, and minimum temperature of cladding and pellet. Current results show that the overall neutronic and T/H performance of M2LFR‐1000 can be improved by choosing the design parameters presented in this paper. The automatic core design ideas adopted currently can also provide some reference for future LFR designs.

Safety valves play very important role in protecting the safety of hydraulic support in coal mine. However, its development is greatly limited by the corresponding test bench for the dynamic experiment. In this paper, an experimental system for testing the dynamic performance of the safety valve with rated pressure up to 50MPa and rated flow rate up to 2000L/min, is introduced. Based on AMEsim software, modeling and simulation on the designed system is carried out. Some parameters of the system are also analyzed and their influences to the tested valve’s dynamic performance are obtained by simulation. It is found that the designed system, which adopting the combination of a piston and a plunger cylindersas well as accumulators, can fulfill the demands of the relevant standard. Among all the investigated factors, both the volume and pre-charged gas pressure of the accumulators have optimum values matching with the other parameters of the system. The stroke of the plunger cylinder, the rated flow rates of the cartridge valve and its pilot control valve, are required to be higher than a certain value to avoid negative effects on the dynamic performance of the tested valve. The research presented in this paper is helpful to the design of the test system.

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