Euphorbia helioscopia L is considered a traditional Chinese herb which is widely distributed in China. The active anticancer fractions and anticancer mechanism of the herb are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the growth inhibitory effects of Euphorbia helioscopia L extracts on five different human cancer cell lines for screening the main active fraction with antitumor effect. In this regard, the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) was found to markedly inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. EAE treatment arrested cell cycle in G-1 phase and EAE used at the concentration range of 100-200 lg/mL induced a marked increase of subdiploid peak. After EAE treatment at the concentrations of 150 and 200 lg/mL, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased. At the EAE concentration of 200 lg/mL, the typical morphology of early apoptotic change was observed in SMMC-7721 cells. Since tumorigenesis is often defined by an uncontrolled proliferation and transplantability, we also determined the anti-invasive effects of EAE. The EAE treatment displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on tumor cell invasion and MMP-9 expression. Also, the major active fraction was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data showed that the flavonoids could be the main constituents of EAE. Based on the evidence from these data, we inferred that the EAE of Euphorbia helioscopia L could have chemopreventive potential against the human cancer. Anat Rec, 295:223-233, 2012. V V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The plant Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. belonging to the Pinus (Pinaceae) is an evergreen tree growing extensively on the slopes of the Himalayas. The wood of Cedrus deodara has been used since ancient days in Indian medical practice for the treatment of inflammations and rheumatoid arthritis. It is recorded in the dictionary of Chinese Crude Drugs as an effective herbal drug for expelling wind, removing dampness, destroying parasites, and relieving itching. Its indications are wind-colddampness arthralgia, traumatic injury, sleeplessness, edema, eczema, and acariasis. In recent years, pine needles are used for rheumatism, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, liver and stomach diseases, gonorrhea, chronic bronchitis, cancer, etc.[1]. No phytochemical work on the needles of this genus has so far been reported. The medicinal importance of Cedrus deodara prompted us to carry out phytochemical investigations on this genus.In the present work, we isolated and elucidated the structure of one new phenylpropanoid 1 along with nine known compounds 2-10, all of which were obtained from this plant for the first time.The pine needles of Cedrus deodara were collected from Lanzhou City of Gansu province of China in June 2008.The plant sample was identified by Prof. Fu Jiang He at Gansu Academy of Medical Science. The air-dried pine needles of Cedrus deodara (3.5 kg) were extracted with 95% ethanol (10 times volume) three times to afford an ethanol extract (390 g) that was suspended in water, and extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, separately. The petroleum ether residue (51 g) was chromatographed on a silica gel column gradiently eluted with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, 1:9 v/v) to yield compounds 2 (65 mg), 4 (26 mg), 5 (31 mg), 6 (23 mg), and 7 (27 mg). The n-butanol extract (130 g) was chromatographed over Diaion HP-20 with H 2 O containing increasing amounts of MeOH. The 20% MeOH eluate (3.4 g) was chromatographed on Toyopearl HW-40 (coarse grade) developing with 20% MeOH-50% MeOH. The 30% MeOH eluate (1.8 g) was rechromatographed on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 to yield compound 1 (35 mg), 3 (35 mg), 8 (21 mg), 9 (26 mg), and 10 (37.7 mg).The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and MS. Besides compound 1, the data of other compounds were in good agreement with the respective literature data.The ESI-MS of compound 1 gave an [M -H] -ion at m/z 325, which indicated that the molecular formula of compound 1 was C 15 H 18 O 8 . The characteristic signals for 1,4-disubstituted benzene protons at G 7.556 (2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz) and 7.124 (2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz) and the pair of trans-olefinic proton signals at G 7.642 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz) and 6.381 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz), which were conjugated with a carbonyl group, clearly indicated that there is a trans-coumaroyl moiety in the structure. The anomeric proton signal at G 4.996 (1H, d, J = 4.4 Hz) of the sugar unit demonstrated D-D-configuration. Therefore, compound 1 was identified as 1...
Euphorbia helioscopia L is widespread in China and has a large number of flavonoids. Quercetin glycosides, having useful biological activities, are abundant in this plant, and no validated analytical method has so far been developed for their determination. We, therefore, standardized a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay for quercetin detection. For this, the plant was locally procured and identification was confirmed based on its morpho-histological characteristics. Ethyl acetate extracts of leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by RP-HPLC using Agilent 1120 HPLC TC-C(18) column (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) with UV-detector system. The mobile phase of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid (65:35) solution was used with the flow rate of 1.0 ml min(-1) at 30°C, and the detection was performed at 360 nm wavelength. Our data show that the linear range of quercetin was 0.025-0.150 mg.ml(-1) (r = 0.9995; n = 6) with the recovery rate of 97.50-103.30% (average 100.40%; RSD = 2.28%). The target component was baseline separated during only the period of 9 min. The repeatability of RP-HPLC analysis was demonstrated with an RSD of 1.77% (n = 6), and the highest quercetin content (average 1.42 mg g(-1)dry-weight) was present in leaves. It was, therefore, concluded that RP-HPLC is a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the detection of quercetin from Euphorbia helioscopia L.
Through batch-enrichments from contaminated sea-bed mud in Bohai sea we have isolated and characterized two bacterial strains named T7-2 and T7-7 that can better use hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy at 15°C than others. The mixed bacteria was used to degraded diesel oilGudao light crude oil from Shengli Oilfield and Guan 69-8 heavy crude oil from Dagang Oilfield then the degradation rates were 81.11%, 97.05% and 61.08%.
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