Conclusion:Only the tubular markers α 1 -MG and β 2 -MG were associated with eGFR independent of albuminuria, suggesting that they may play an important role in the development of DKD.
K E Y W O R D Sα1-microglobulin, β2-microglobulin, albuminuria, diabetic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate
The relationship between urinary α1-MG concentrations and gender, age is different from previous studies. It is recommended that hospitals and laboratories should develop their own α1-MG reference intervals based on their experimental conditions.
The combination of κ-Carrageenan (KC) and konjac gum (KGM) were introduced to examine the impact on gelation and microstructural behaviors of scallop male gonads hydrolysates (SMGHs) and the involvement of intermolecular forces. In terms of G′ response of SMGHs/KGM/KC, it obviously enhanced by 3.6-and 108.5-fold than controls of KGM/KC and SMGHs/KC at 0.1 Hz, accompanying increasing melting temperatures from 27.9 (KGM/KC) and 30.0 (SMGHs/KC) to 33.7 • C (SMGHs/KGM/KC), respectively. Additionally, SMGHs/KGM/KC with decreasing relaxation time T 23 and blue shift of hydroxyl group than controls suggested higher water retention capacity and ordered conformation. Moreover, SMGHs/KGM/KC formed compact networks with thick walls as reflected by cryo-SEM and showed rougher surface with more aggregation as reflected by AFM. Furthermore, electrostatic in couple with hydrophobic interactions were dominant interactions, while hydrogen bonds were involved in subordinately in SMGHs/KGM/KC.
The prevalence of tubular proteinuria was higher than that of glomerular proteinuria, and the risk factors are different, in the elderly in China; therefore, tubular damage markers should get more attention in the overall population.
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